고추잎 추출물의 항염증 및 암세포 항성장 활성 = Anti-inflammatory and Anti-proliferative effects of Hot Pepper Leaf Extracts

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Hot pepper fruits and hot pepper leaves are known to contain flavonoids which have various biological activities, including anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. In the present study, the anti-inflammatory effects of eight different hot pepper varieties were investigated. Among them, Dabok, Cheongyang, and Baekduhong significantly inhibited nitric oxide (NO) production in a dose-dependent manner without affecting cell viability. These extracts reduced inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7, whereas only Dabok slightly suppressed cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression. In addition, DB, CY, and BDH leaf extracts decreased phosphorylation of p38, JNK, and ERK and inhibited phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 and IκBα, indicating that those extracts exert anti-inflammatory effects via regulation of the MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways. We also detected expression changes of four kinds of pro-inflammatory cytokine genes (IL-1β, IL-6, CSF2, and TNF-α) with quantitative real-time PCR. The results showed that these extracts decreased the expression of four pro-inflammatory genes in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Furthermore, GWB, DB, and BDH significantly reduced the cell viability in human colorectal HCT116 cells. Additionally, DB, CY, BDH upregulated the expression of NAG-1 (Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-activated gene-1), a tumor suppressor protein with pro-apoptotic activity, suggesting their potential anti-proliferative effects in HCT116 cells. Overall, our findings demonstrate that DB, CY, and BDH effectively regulate inflammatory responses in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells and have anti-proliferative effect on human coloerectal cancer HCT116 cells.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 서론 1
• Ⅱ. 재료 및 방법 5
• 1. 고추잎 추출물 제조 5
• 2. RAW264.7 세포 배양과 염증 반응 유도 5
• 3. HCT116 세포 배양 5
• 4. Nitric oxide (NO) 생산 분석 7
• 5. 세포 생존율 분석 7
• 6. Western blot 분석 8
• 7. 염증성 사이토카인 유전자 발현 분석 10
• 8. 통계 분석 12
• Ⅲ. 결과 및 고찰 14
• 1. 고추잎 추출물에 의한 NO 생산 및 세포 생존율 분석 14
• 2. 고추잎 추출물에 의한 염증성 단백질 발현 변화 17
• 3. 고추잎 추출물에 의한 MAPK 신호전달경로의 억제 19
• 4. 고추잎 추출물에 의한 NF-κB 신호전달 경로의 억제 21
• 5. 고추잎 추출물에 의한 염증성 사이토카인 유전자 발현 변화 21
• 6. 고추잎 추출물에 의한 암세포 항성장 활성 분석 25
• 7. 고추잎 추출물에 의한 NAG-1 단백질 발현 변화 25
• Ⅳ. 요약 29
• Ⅴ. 참고문헌 32
• Ⅵ. 영문초록 40