중학교 야구선수의 타격 수행능력 향상을 위한 Triple Code Model 이론 기반 훈련프로그램 개발 및 효과 = Development and Effectiveness of a Triple Code Model Theory-Based Training Program to Improve the Hitting Performance of Middle School Baseball Players

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구의 목적은 중학교 야구선수의 타격 수행능력 향상을 위한 Triple Code Model 이론 기반 훈련프로그램을 개발하고 그 효과를 검증한 것이 다. 중학교 야구선수를 대상으로 프로야구선수로 성장하기 위한 신체 기술 훈련과 더불어 정신 기술의 중요성이 부각 되면서 심리훈련의 필요성은 커지고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 중학교 야구선수의 타격 수행능력 향상 을 위한 심리기술훈련의 대안으로 Triple Code Model 이론 기반 훈련프로 그램을 개발하고 그 효과성을 검증하였다. 본 연구의 훈련프로그램은 Ahsen의 Triple Code Model 이론에 근거하 여, 심상의 변환 과정과 신체 반응의 인식 및 조절, 그리고 의미 재구성 을 통합적으로 다루는 심리훈련 체계이다. Triple Code Model 기반의 심 리치료는 변형된 ISM 구조를 의식적으로 인식하고, 자기조절 과정을 통 해 경험의 심상(I), 신체 반응(S), 의미(M)가 차례대로 통합되도록 회복 하는 것을 목표한다. 이러한 과정에서 중학교 야구선수가 경기 중 경험하 는 심리적 어려움을 구조적으로 시각화하고, 정신·신체 조절과 관련된 심 리기술을 학습과 훈련하는 데 적합한 이론적 틀을 제공한다. 특히, 운동 수행능력과 직결되는 심리적 요인을 조절하고 개선하기 위한 개입 전략을 설계하는 데 유용한 이론으로 평가된다. 프로그램 개발을 위하여 문헌연구를 바탕으로 프로그램의 목표와 내 용 및 방법을 구체적으로 조직하였다. 그리고 중학교 야구선수 33명의 예비조사, 전문가와 중학교 야구선수 6인을 대상으로 포커스 그룹 인터 뷰로 프로그램에 대한 요구조사를 시행하였다. 마지막으로 예비연구 및 전문가 5인의 조언을 받아 프로그램을 수정 보완함으로써 프로그램 개발 을 완성하였다. 프로그램 효과 검증 단계에서는 중학교 야구선수의 타격 수행능력 향 상을 위한 Triple Code Model 이론 기반 훈련프로그램의 효과를 검증을 시행하였다. 프로그램 전(사전), 프로그램 종료 직후(사후), 프로그램 종료 4주 후(추후)의 Triple Code Model 이론 기반 훈련(실험), 심리기술훈련 (비교), 무 처치(통제) 집단에 참여한 대상자를 대상으로 타격 수행능력 측정과 스포츠 자신감, 경쟁 불안, 마음 챙김 설문을 시행하였다. 연구결 과, 프로그램에 참여한 실험집단은 스포츠 자신감이 향상됨과 동시에 경 쟁 불안은 감소하였으며, 마음 챙김과 타격 수행능력은 향상되었고 이러 한 처치 효과는 프로그램 종료 4주 후에도 지속하였다. 비교집단은 스포 츠 자신감이 향상되어 프로그램 종료 4주 후에도 유지되었다. 하지만, 타 격 수행능력은 프로그램 종료 직후에는 효과가 있었으나, 프로그램 종료 4주 후에는 효과가 감소하였으며, 경쟁 불안과 마음 챙김에는 아무런 변 화가 없었다. 무 처치 집단은 스포츠 자신감, 경쟁 불안, 마음 챙김, 타격 수행능력에는 아무런 변화가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 본 연 구에서 개발된 프로그램이 타격 수행능력 향상과 더불어 심리적 능력의 향상에 실질적으로 이바지하고 있음을 시사한다. 본 연구는 중학교 야구선수의 타격 수행능력 향상에 효과적인 Triple Code Model 이론 기반 훈련프로그램을 구성했다는 점, 기존의 심리기술 훈련 한계를 보완하여 새로운 대안인 Triple Code Model 이론을 기반으 로 치료적 개입과 심리훈련프로그램을 확장했다는 점에서 의의가 있다. 마지막으로 본 연구의 한계 및 후속 연구에서 고려할 점을 제언하였다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of this study is to develop a training program based on the Triple Code Model theory to improve the batting performance ability of middle school baseball players and to verify its effectiveness. The need for psychological training is increasing as the importance of mental skills as well as physical skills training to grow into professional baseball players for middle school baseball players has emerged. Therefore, in this study, a training program based on the Triple Code Model theory was developed as an alternative to psychological skills training to improve the batting performance ability of middle school baseball players and its effectiveness was verified. The training program of this study is a psychological training system that integrates the process of image transformation, recognition and regulation of body reactions, and personal meaning based on Ahsen's Triple Code Model theory. The Triple Code Model-based psychotherapy aims to consciously recognize the modified ISM structure and restore the image of experience (I), body reaction (S), and individual meaning (M) to be integrated in turn through the self-regulation process. In this process, it structurally visualizes the psychological difficulties experienced by middle school baseball players during games and provides a theoretical framework suitable for learning and training psychological skills related to mental and body control. In particular, it is evaluated as a useful theory for designing intervention strategies to control and improve psychological factors directly related to exercise performance. For program development, the goal, content, and method of the program were specifically organized based on literature research. In addition, a preliminary survey of 33 middle school baseball players and a survey of the needs of the program were conducted through focus group interviews with experts and 6 middle school baseball players. Finally, the program development was completed by revising and supplementing the program with the advice of preliminary research and five experts. In the program effect verification stage, the effectiveness of the Triple Code Model theory-based training program to improve the batting performance ability of middle school baseball players was verified. Before the program (before), immediately after the program's end (after), and four weeks after the program's end (after), the Triple Code Model theory-based training (experiment), psychological skills training (comparison), and no treatment (control) groups were measured for batting performance ability and sports confidence, competitive anxiety, and mindfulness surveys were conducted. As a result of the study, the experimental group who participated in the program improved sports confidence and decreased competitive anxiety, and mindfulness and batting performance improved, and these treatment effects continued even four weeks after the program was terminated. The comparative group improved sports confidence and maintained it even four weeks after the program was terminated. However, the hitting performance ability was effective immediately after the program was terminated, but the effect decreased after the program was terminated, and there was no change in competitive anxiety and mindfulness. In the non-treatment group, there was no change in sports confidence, competitive anxiety, mindfulness, and batting performance ability. These results suggest that the program developed in this study is actually contributing to the improvement of psychological ability as well as the improvement of batting performance ability. This study is significant in that it established a training program based on the Triple Code Model theory that is effective in improving the batting performance ability of middle school baseball players, and expanded therapeutic intervention and psychological training programs based on the new alternative, the Triple Code Model theory, by supplementing the existing psychological technology training limitations. Finally, the limitations of this study and points to consider in subsequent studies were suggested.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 서 론 ··············································································································· 1
• 1. 연구의 필요성 ···························································································· 1
• 2. 연구 목적 및 연구문제 ·········································································· 11
• 3. 용어의 정의 ······························································································ 12
• Ⅱ. 이론적 배경 ································································································ 15
• 1. 중학교 야구선수의 타격 수행능력 ······················································ 15
• 2. 중학교 야구선수의 타격 수행능력 관련 심리적 변인 ·················· 18
• 3. Triple Code Model 이론 기반 훈련프로그램 ··································· 26
• Ⅲ. Triple Code Model 이론 기반 훈련프로그램 개발 ····················· 34
• 1. 프로그램 개발 절차 모형 ······································································ 34
• 2. 프로그램 개발 과정 ················································································ 35
• Ⅳ. Triple Code Model 이론 기반 훈련프로그램 효과 검증 ·········· 95
• 1. 방법 및 절차 ···························································································· 96
• 2. 연구결과 ·································································································· 109
• Ⅴ. 논의 ············································································································· 124
• 1. 프로그램 개발 ························································································ 124
• 2. 프로그램 효과 검증 ·············································································· 131
• Ⅵ. 요약, 결론, 한계점 및 제언 ······························································· 144
• 1. 요약 및 결론 ·························································································· 144
• 2. 한계점 및 제언 ······················································································ 146
• 참고문헌 ·········································································································· 148
• 부록 ·················································································································· 166
• 1. Triple Code Model 이론 기반 훈련프로그램 개발을 위한 중학교 야구선수 요구조사 설문지 ··· 176
• 2. Triple Code Model 이론 기반 훈련프로그램 개발을 위한 중학교 야구선수의 면접 참여 동의서 ····· 170
• 3. Triple Code Model 이론 기반 훈련프로그램 개발을 위한 중학교 야구선수 면접질문지 ······ 171
• 4. 중학교 야구선수 대상 FGI 내용 분석 결과 요약 ························ 173
• 5. Triple Code Model 이론 기반 훈련프로그램 개발을 위한 전문가 면접 참여 동의서 ······· 176
• 6. Triple Code Model 이론 기반 훈련프로그램 개발을 위한 전문가 면접 질문지 ········· 177
• 7. 전문가 대상 FGI 내용 분석 결과 요약 ·········································· 179
• 8. 중학교 야구선수의 타격 수행능력 향상을 위한 훈련 예비 프로그 램 내용 타당도 검증 설문지 ··· 184
• 9. Triple Code Model 이론 기반 훈련프로그램의 내용 구성 타당도 평정 결과 ·············· 194
• 10. 프로그램 시범운영 평가서 ······························································· 200
• 11. Triple Code Model 이론 기반 훈련프로그램 동의서 ················ 203
• 12. 최종 프로그램 회기별 내용 및 기록지 ········································· 205
• 13. 다차원 스포츠 자신감 질문지 ························································· 262
• 14. 야구선수 경쟁 불안 척도 ································································· 263
• 15. 한국판 아동 및 청소년 마음 챙김 척도 ······································· 265
• 16. 타격 수행능력 테스트 점수 ····························································· 266
• ABSTRACT ·································································································· 267