베트남 유학생의 ChatGPT 사용 경험에 대한 현상학적 연구 = A Phenomenological Study on Vietnamese International Students’ Experiences of Using ChatGPT

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구는 한국에서 유학 중인 베트남 유학생들이 ChatGPT를 사용하 면서 경험하는 현상을 심층적으로 탐색하고, 그 경험이 지니는 본질적 의미 구조를 밝혔다. 최근 ChatGPT는 학업, 일상 정보 탐색, 정서 표현 등 다양한 영역에서 활용되고 있으나, 유학생의 실제 사용 경험을 현상 학적 관점에서 조망한 연구는 여전히 부족한 실정이다. 이에 본 연구는 기술적 현상학과 Colaizzi의 분석 절차를 기반으로, 베트남 유학생 참여 자들의 삶의 경험을 있는 그대로 기술하고 그 의미를 해석하였다. 연구 참여자는 ChatGPT를 최소 6개월 이상 사용한 베트남 유학생 5 명으로, 반구조화된 면담을 통해 자료를 수집하였다. 분석 결과, 면담 자 료로부터 도출된 진술을 통합·분석하여 총 53개의 의미 단위, 36개의 하 위 주제, 9개의 주제군, 그리고 3개의 범주가 도출되었다. 도출된 범주는 ‘판단 없는 안전한 정서적 공간으로서의 ChatGPT 경험’, ‘정서적 안정과 인지적 성찰을 동시에 제공하는 심리적 동반자 경험’, 그리고 ‘관계적 의 미가 부여되되 조절되는 인공지능과의 상호작용 경험’으로 명명되었다. 본 연구는 ChatGPT 사용 경험이 단순한 정보 활용을 넘어, 유학생의 생활세계 속에서 정서적 안정과 자기 이해, 사고의 정리를 함께 가능하 게 하는 경험으로 나타난다는 점을 밝혔다. 이러한 결과는 유학생의 심 리적 적응과 정서적 어려움을 이해하는 데 있어 대화형 인공지능의 역할을 보다 경험 중심적으로 조망할 필요성을 시사하며, 향후 상담 및 교육 장면에서 인공지능 도구를 보다 신중하고 적절하게 활용하기 위한 기초 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study aimed to explore in depth the experiences of Vietnamese international students studying in South Korea while using ChatGPT, and to identify the essential meaning structures underlying those experiences. Although ChatGPT has been widely used across various domains such as academic work, everyday information seeking, and emotional expression, phenomenological research that closely examines international students’ lived experiences with ChatGPT remains limited. To address this gap, the present study adopted a descriptive phenomenological approach and applied Colaizzi’s analytic procedure to describe and interpret the lived experiences of Vietnamese international students. The participants consisted of five Vietnamese international students who had used ChatGPT for at least six months. Data were collected through semi-structured in-depth interviews. Through the integration and analysis of interview statements, a total of 53 meaning units, 36 sub-themes, 9 theme clusters, and 3 overarching categories were identified. The three categories were labeled as: ChatGPT as a non-judgmental and emotionally safe space, ChatGPT as a psychological companion providing both emotional stability and cognitive reflection, and experiences of interaction with artificial intelligence characterized by relational meaning that is present yet regulated. The findings reveal that experiences of using ChatGPT extend beyond simple information utilization, emerging instead as experiences that simultaneously enable emotional stability, self-understanding, and the organization of thoughts within international students’ everyday lifeworlds. These results suggest the need to understand the role of conversational artificial intelligence in a more experience-centered manner when considering international students’ psychological adjustment and emotional challenges. Furthermore, the findings provide foundational insights for the careful and appropriate use of artificial intelligence tools in future counseling and educational contexts.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 서론 ···············································································································1
• 1. 연구의 필요성 및 목적 ·············································································1
• 2. 연구 문제 ·····································································································3
• Ⅱ. 이론적 배경 ································································································4
• 1. ChatGPT의 개념과 응용 ·········································································4
• 가. 인공지능 ·································································································4
• 나. 생성형 인공지능 ···················································································5
• 다. 대화형 인공지능 ···················································································7
• 라. ChatGPT ·······························································································8
• 2. 베트남 유학생의 학업 및 생활 ·····························································10
• 3. Colaizzi 기술적 현상학 ···········································································13
• Ⅲ. 연구 방법 ··································································································15
• 1. 연구 참여자 ·······························································································15
• 2. 연구 철자 및 자료 수집 ·········································································16
• 3. 분석 방법 ···································································································18
• 4. 연구 윤리 및 타당성 ···············································································19
• Ⅳ. 연구 결과 ··································································································22
• 1. 판단 없는 안전한 정서적 공간으로서의 ChatGPT 경험 ················26
• 2. 정서적 안정과 인지적 성찰을 동시에 제공하는 심리적 동반자 ···26
• 3. 관계적 의미가 부여된 인공지능과의 상호작용 ·································27
• Ⅴ. 결론 및 논의 ····························································································31
• 1. 결론 및 논의 ·····························································································31
• 2. 의의 ············································································································36
• 3. 제한점 ········································································································37
• 참고문헌 ·········································································································39
• Abstract ··········································································································48