노인의 자원봉사활동 참여동기가 성공적 노화에 미치는 영향에서 평생교육 참여의 매개효과 = The Mediating Effect of Lifelong Education Participation in the Relationship Between Older Adults’ Volunteer Motivation and Successful Aging

국문 초록 (Abstract)

현대 사회는 의료기술의 급속한 발달과 생활 수준의 향상으로 기대수 명이 크게 증가하면서 ‘100세 시대’로 불리는 초고령사회에 진입하고 있 다. 이로 인해 노년기의 삶의 질과 성공적인 노후에 대한 관심이 그 어 느 때보다 높아지고 있으며, 단순히 오래 사는 것이 아닌 ‘어떻게 의미 있게 살 것인가’가 중요한 사회적 과제가 되었다. 이러한 배경에서 노인 들이 사회적 역할을 지속하고 자아실현의 기회를 가질 수 있도록 하는 자원봉사활동과 평생교육은 성공적 노화를 촉진하는 주요 요인으로 주목 받고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 노인의 자원봉사활동 참여동기가 성공적 노 화에 미치는 영향을 분석하고, 평생교육 참여가 이 관계에서 어떠한 매 개적 역할을 하는지를 실증적으로 규명하고자 하였다. 연구대상은 고령 인구 비율이 높고 노인복지 및 자원봉사활동의 제도 적 기반이 잘 마련되어 있는 창원특례시에 거주하는 60세 이상 노인 자 원봉사 참여자를 중심으로 하였다. 표본은 비확률표본추출에 의한 할당 표집방법으로 선정하였으며, 총 627부의 설문지를 수집하였다. 이 중 불 성실한 응답 37부를 제외한 590부를 최종 분석에 사용하였다. 자료 분석 은 IBM SPSS Statistics 25.0을 활용하였으며, 빈도분석, 기술통계분석, 상관관계분석, 다중회귀분석을 통해 변수 간 관계를 검토하였고, Sobel Test를 통해 평생교육 참여의 매개효과를 검증하였다. 분석 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 자원봉사활동 참여동기가 성공적 노화 에 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 노인의 자원봉사활동이 단순한 여가 참여를 넘어 심리적·사회적 건강을 향상시키는 핵 심 요인임을 시사한다. 둘째, 자원봉사활동 참여동기가 평생교육 참여에 도 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 자원봉사활동 참여가 높을수록 평생교육 참여도 증가함을 의미한다. 셋째, 평생교육 참 여가 성공적 노화에 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타나 평생 교육 참여가 노인의 지적·사회적 활력을 촉진하고, 자기효능감과 삶의 만족도를 향상시켜 성공적 노화에 기여함을 확인하고 있다. 넷째, 자원봉 사활동 참여동기와 성공적 노화 간 평생교육 참여의 매개효과를 Sobel 검정을 통해 분석한 결과, 평생교육 참여의 매개효과가 검증되었다. 이는 자원봉사활동 참여동기를 가진 노인이 성공적 노화를 경험하기 위해 평 생교육 참여를 활성화하는 전략이 필요함을 시사한다. 이러한 결과를 종합하면, 노인의 자원봉사활동 참여동기와 평생교육 참여가 성공적 노화에 미치는 영향을 분석하고, 평생교육 참여의 매개효 과를 검증하고자 하였다. 분석 결과, 자원봉사활동 참여동기는 성공적 노 화를 향상시키는 주요 요인으로 나타났으며, 평생교육 참여는 이 관계를 부분적으로 매개하여 노년기의 신체적·정신적·사회적 삶의 질을 높이는 데 기여하였다. 이는 자원봉사활동과 평생교육이 상호보완적으로 작용하 며, 노년기 사회참여 확대와 삶의 만족도 증진을 위한 핵심 전략임을 시 사한다. 또한 본 연구는 창원특례시 노인을 대상으로 수행되어 지역적 한계가 존재하나, 초고령사회에서 노인의 사회참여 및 평생학습 정책을 통합적으로 설계하는 데 유용한 기초자료를 제공한다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

As advances in medical technology and improvements in living standards have significantly increased life expectancy, contemporary society has entered a super-aged era often described as the “age of 100.” Consequently, interest in the quality of life and successful aging in later adulthood has grown, with increasing emphasis not merely on living longer but on living meaningfully. Within this context, volunteer activities and lifelong education have emerged as key factors that enable older adults to maintain social roles and pursue self-fulfillment, thereby promoting successful aging. This study aims to analyze the influence of volunteer participation motivation on successful aging among older adults and to empirically examine the mediating role of lifelong education participation in this relationship. The study focused on older adult volunteers aged 60 and above residing in Changwon Special City, an area characterized by a high proportion of older adults and well-established systems for elderly welfare and volunteer activities. A total of 627 questionnaires were collected through quota sampling based on non-probability sampling, and 590 valid responses were used for the final analysis after excluding 37 insincere responses. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics 25.0, employing frequency analysis, descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis. The mediating effect of lifelong education participation was tested using the Sobel test. The findings are as follows. First, volunteer participation motivation had a significant positive effect on successful aging, indicating that volunteer activities serve as a critical factor in enhancing the psychological and social well-being of older adults beyond simple leisure engagement. Second, volunteer participation motivation also had a significant positive effect on lifelong education participation, suggesting that higher motivation for volunteering is associated with increased engagement in lifelong learning. Third, lifelong education participation had a significant positive effect on successful aging, demonstrating that participation in educational activities fosters intellectual and social vitality, enhances self-efficacy and life satisfaction, and thereby contributes to successful aging. Fourth, the Sobel test confirmed the mediating effect of lifelong education participation in the relationship between volunteer motivation and successful aging. This finding implies that activating lifelong education participation is essential for older adults with strong volunteer motivation to experience successful aging. Overall, the study confirms that volunteer participation motivation and lifelong education participation positively influence successful aging, with lifelong education serving as a partial mediator. These results highlight the complementary relationship between volunteer activities and lifelong learning, underscoring their importance as strategic approaches for enhancing social participation and life satisfaction among older adults. Although the study is limited by its focus on older adults in Changwon Special City, it provides valuable foundational data for the integrated design of social participation and lifelong learning policies for older adults in an increasingly super-aged society.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 서론 ·················································································································1
• 1. 연구의 필요성 및 목적 ···············································································1
• 2. 연구문제 ·········································································································5
• Ⅱ. 이론적 배경 ··································································································6
• 1. 노인 자원봉사활동 참여동기 ·····································································6
• 1) 자원봉사활동 참여동기 개념 및 구성요소 ········································6
• 2) 자원봉사활동 참여의 필요성 ································································9
• 2. 노인 평생교육 ·····························································································11
• 1) 평생교육 및 평생교육 참여의 개념 ··················································11
• 2) 평생교육 참여의 유형 ··········································································12
• 3) 노인 평생교육의 필요성 ······································································15
• (1) 사회적 측면에서 고령화와 평생교육 요구 ································ 15
• (2) 개인적 측면에서의 고령화 평생교육 요구 ································ 17
• 3. 성공적 노화 ·································································································19
• 1) 성공적 노화의 개념 및 구성 요인 ····················································19
• (1) 성공적 노화의 개념 ········································································19
• (2) 성공적 노화의 구성요인 ································································23
• 2) 성공적 노화의 이론 ··············································································25
• (1) 활동이론 ····························································································25
• (2) Rowe와 Kahn(1998)의 성공적 노화 ··········································· 26
• (3) Ryff(1989) 성공적 노화의 통합 ···················································26
• 4. 노인의 자원봉사활동 참여동기와 성공적 노화 ···································27
• 5. 노인의 자원봉사활동 참여동기와 평생교육 ·········································31
• 6. 노인의 평생교육과 성공적 노화 ·····························································33
• Ⅲ. 연구방법 ······································································································36
• 1. 연구모형 및 연구가설 ···············································································36
• 1) 연구모형 ··································································································36
• 2) 연구가설 ··································································································37
• 2. 연구대상 및 자료수집 ···············································································37
• 3. 측정도구 ·······································································································39
• 1) 노인 자원봉사활동 참여동기 ······························································39
• 2) 성공적 노화 ····························································································40
• 3) 평생교육 참여 ························································································42
• 4) 인구 사회학적 특성 ··············································································42
• 4. 분석방법 ·······································································································45
• Ⅳ. 연구 결과 ····································································································46
• 1. 연구 대상자의 인구통계학적 특성 ·························································46
• 2. 기술통계분석 ·······························································································48
• 3. 상관분석 ·······································································································50
• 4. 인구통계적 특성에 따른 차이분석 ·························································52
• 1) 자원봉사활동참여동기의 차이분석 ····················································52
• 2) 성공적 노화의 차이분석 ······································································54
• 3) 평생교육 참여의 차이분석 ··································································55
• 5. 가설의 검증 ·································································································57
• 1) 자원봉사활동 참여동기가 성공적 노화에 미치는 영향 검증 ······ 57
• 2) 자원봉사활동 참여동기가 평생교육 참여에 미치는 영향 검증 ·· 58
• 3) 평생교육 참여가 성공적 노화에 미치는 영향 검증 ······················ 59
• 4) 자원봉사활동 참여동기가 성공적 노화에 미치는 영향에서 평생교
• 육 참여의 매개효과 검증 ····································································60
• Ⅴ. 결론 ···············································································································63
• 1. 연구결과 요약 ·····························································································63
• 2. 논의 ···············································································································65
• 3. 제언 ···············································································································67
• 1) 실천적 제언 ····························································································68
• 2) 정책적 제언 ····························································································69
• 참고문헌 ············································································································71
• 부록(설문지) ····································································································98
• ABSTRCT ·····································································································105