The purpose of this study was to explore the lived experiences of secondary traumatic stress (STS) among vocational counselors and to examine the meaning and structure of posttraumatic growth (PTG) that emerged through the processes of interpreting an...
The purpose of this study was to explore the lived experiences of secondary traumatic stress (STS) among vocational counselors and to examine the meaning and structure of posttraumatic growth (PTG) that emerged through the processes of interpreting and integrating those experiences. To this end, in-depth individual interviews were conducted with five vocational counselors who were providing employment counseling services in the public sector between September and October 2025. Prior to the interviews, participants’ experiences of secondary traumatic stress and posttraumatic growth were confirmed using the Korean Version of the Secondary Traumatic Stress Scale and the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory. The interview data were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using a qualitative case study approach.
The analysis yielded five upper-level categories and twenty-three subcategories related to vocational counselors’ experiences of secondary traumatic stress and posttraumatic growth. The results showed that participants were repeatedly exposed to clients who had experienced traumatic events such as sexual violence, domestic violence, suicide attempts, and severe illness. Within these intense counseling contexts, vocational counselors reported symptoms consistent with Figley’s conceptualization of secondary traumatic stress, including intrusive re-experiencing, physical tension, avoidance, decreased self-efficacy, and difficulties in maintaining professional boundaries.
Despite these adverse experiences, participants reported posttraumatic growth through processes of meaning reconstruction that involved cognitive, emotional, and behavioral coping strategies, as well as social support from mentors and colleagues. These growth experiences partially corresponded to the posttraumatic growth model proposed by Tedeschi and Calhoun, encompassing factors such as the perception of distress, deliberate rumination, self-reflection, self-disclosure, social support, and resilience, which contributed to changes in self-perception, interpersonal relationships, and life philosophy.
This study is meaningful in that it provides an in-depth exploration of secondary traumatic stress and posttraumatic growth experiences among vocational counselors within their actual work environments. While previous research has primarily focused on care professionals such as social workers, nurses, and counseling psychologists, empirical studies targeting vocational counselors remain limited. By highlighting vocational counselors as professionals structurally exposed to secondary trauma, this study demonstrates that traumatic work experiences may entail not only negative consequences but also the potential for growth. Based on these findings, the importance of organizational and educational support—such as emotional support systems, peer supervision, mentoring programs, self-care support for counselors, and training on secondary trauma responses—is discussed.
However, as this exploratory study was conducted with a small sample of five female vocational counselors with long-term career experience, future research should include participants with diverse career stages, genders, and employment types. Longitudinal studies are also needed to examine changes and sustainability in posttraumatic growth over time.