In the context of economic globalization, the impact of environmental disturbances on economic structures and international trade has become increasingly prominent. Such disturbances may manifest as destructive shocks, while also serving as a catalyst...
In the context of economic globalization, the impact of environmental disturbances on economic structures and international trade has become increasingly prominent. Such disturbances may manifest as destructive shocks, while also serving as a catalyst for the transition toward green industries. Environmental and climate change not only reshape product flows and industrial outputs through channels such as risk perception, trade restrictions, and supply chain disruptions, but also promote structural transformation toward greener and more sustainable development under the influence of policy guidance, consumer preferences, and technological innovation.
Japan’s discharge of nuclear wastewater has become one of the most closely examined environmental incidents in recent years. This event has exerted direct and substantial damage on Japan’s domestic fisheries, while simultaneously undermining the confidence of several trading partners in related products, leading to declines in fisheries demand and shrinking market share. In this context, multiple governments have imposed import restrictions or tightened inspection requirements, alongside observable disruptions in global trade patterns, regional fisheries trade and supply chain stability. The uncertainties arising from these discussions have not only shaken market confidence but also posed latent threats to the stability of the global economic and trade order.
Meanwhile, plastic pollution and climate change represent another persistent global concern. Moreover, the treatment and disposal of plastic waste exacerbate the release of greenhouse gases, further worsening the negative consequences associated with climate change. In response to these challenges, the development and adoption of plastic substitutes have become a critical agenda for the international community. Among these, biodegradable bioplastics have attracted growing attention due to their potential to mitigate environmental pollution and advance circular economy practices. Notably, while existing studies often examine climate change as a dependent variable requiring mitigation, its role in driving the expansion of green industries has received comparatively less attention.
Accordingly, this study adopts a sustainable development perspective to integrate two empirical analyses. Chapter II has been provisionally accepted for publication in Economic Systems Research and focuses on the short-term shock mechanisms of Japan’s nuclear wastewater discharge on its fisheries and global supply chains. Chapter III examines the role of climate change in advancing green transformation, specifically by analyzing its influence on the demand for biodegradable bioplastics, with polylactic acid (PLA) as a representative case. Whereas the nuclear wastewater incident illustrates the disruptive effects of sudden environmental events on trade and industrial outputs, the link between climate change and PLA import demand underscores the potential of long-term environmental pressures to foster structural shifts toward green industries and sustainable trade. By jointly examining these two cases, this study reveals the dual functions and interconnections of environmental disturbances from short-term shock and long-term driving perspectives, thereby providing comprehensive theoretical and empirical insights for policymaking.
In Chapter II, the Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA) model is combined with a Mixed Input-Output (IO) model to assess the short-term impacts of nuclear wastewater discharge on Japan’s fishery exports and the global economy. The SARIMA model is first employed to predict Japan’s fishery exports under a scenario without wastewater discharge, and the results are compared with actual export data to derive the magnitude of change. These variations are then introduced into the Mixed IO model to evaluate the resulting shifts in output and final demand in Japan and other economies. The findings indicate that the nuclear wastewater discharge has led to declines in Japanese fishery and aquaculture exports, which in turn reduced sectoral output and final demand in Japan while exerting negative spillover effects on industrial production across 75 countries and other global regions. These results provide important references for international contingency planning and policy design in response to sudden environmental crises, while also highlighting the economic vulnerabilities induced by environmental disturbances in the pursuit of sustainable global trade.
Chapter III explores the relationship between climate change and biodegradable plastics. Climate change, by fostering green growth and sustainable development, encourages the development and adoption of environmentally friendly materials. While plastics remain essential consumer goods with rapidly rising demand, they impose significant environmental costs. In response to plastic pollution, the demand for biodegradable plastics has been steadily increasing, with PLA being the most widely applied alternative to conventional plastics. This chapter employs a Two-Way Fixed Effects (TWFE) model to analyze the influence of climate change on PLA import demand. The empirical results reveal that climate indicators, measured by annual CO2 emissions, have a positive effect on PLA import demand across 25 countries. This demonstrates the positive driving role of climate change in shaping demand for biodegradable plastics, indirectly reflecting its influence on the sustainable development of bioplastic industries. These findings provide theoretical underpinnings for strengthening climate policy and advancing sustainable development strategies worldwide.
Overall, this study highlights the multifaceted impact of environmental disturbances on global trade and economic demand. On the one hand, environmental crises can suppress trade in traditional industries and disrupt supply chains. On the other hand, climate pressures are accelerating the expansion of green industries and technological progress. The results offer empirical support for policymakers in formulating environmental governance and trade policies, while also furnishing a theoretical basis for countries to design sustainable development strategies in the global marketplace.