This thesis aims to analyze Theodor W. Adorno’s perspective on the phenomenon whereby twentieth-century artistic genres increasingly resemble one another, thereby destabilizing the established order of genres. Adorno describes this tendency, in whic...
This thesis aims to analyze Theodor W. Adorno’s perspective on the phenomenon whereby twentieth-century artistic genres increasingly resemble one another, thereby destabilizing the established order of genres. Adorno describes this tendency, in which distinct art forms come to share their specific characteristics, as fraying(Verfransung) and convergence(Konvergenz) of genres. The boundaries that once clearly separated genres become entangled and begin to merge.
While criticizing essentialist conceptions of genre, Adorno does not unconditionally endorse the indiscriminate dissolution of genre distinctions. For example, he criticizes the image-like transformation of music, exemplified by Igor Stravinsky’s ballet music, as a “pseudomorphosis.” In certain works by Stravinsky, the transformation of music into image-like form is motivated not by the demands of musical material but by external impulses. By contrast, Adorno emphasizes the possibility of convergence that is motivated by the demands of the material while remaining faithful to the immanent principles of genre. In this sense, the crossing of genre boundaries and the acquisition of characteristics from other arts can arise from internal, genre-specific motivations.
This phenomenon is made possible by the fact that genre is not a fixed category but a historically constituted and constantly evolving formation. Accordingly, relations between genres are fluid. On the basis of this understanding of genre, Adorno analyzes the relationship between painting and music. On the one hand, painting and music stand in a contradictory relation. This tension arises from the difference between vision, which symbolizes the rationality of human civilization bound up with the domination of nature, and hearing, which by contrast signifies the irrationality of nature as an object of domination. Nevertheless, painting and music retain the possibility of mutual affiliation. Even music, which assumes the role of the irrational moment within a visually centered world, can itself become subject to processes of rationalization.
Accordingly, Adorno criticizes fixed determinations of genre. For example, attempts to associate painting exclusively with spatiality and music with temporality on the basis of vision and hearing overlook both the transformations brought about by new technologies and the constructive moments of artworks. Instead, Adorno emphasizes the specificity of each art form as arising from distinct empirical factors. From this perspective, Wagner’s concept of the Gesamtkunstwerk, which seeks to realize the coexistence of multiple genres within a single work without regard for their contexts, as well as Heidegger’s ontological aesthetics, which reduces the diversity of genres on the basis of an abstract essence of art, are likewise subject to Adorno’s critique.
The fraying of genre boundaries is grounded in a historical context that exceeds individual artistic experimentation. Conventional modes of material domination — that is, the traditional order of genres — originally enabled artworks to produce sensuous pleasure and to establish coherent relations of meaning. With the weakening of belief in transcendent truth and authority, however, metaphysical meaning erodes, and artworks no longer rest within stable systems of meaning but instead seek to resist them. As a result, art departs from the established order of genres. In resisting meaning in this way, art undertakes the paradoxical task of generating new meaning.
The convergence of genres does not necessarily entail the complete dismantling of the existing order of genres; rather, it can proceed by forming new configurations on the basis of that order. What makes such reconfiguration possible is the existence of singular artistic phenomena that cannot be fully subsumed under the conventional determinations of genre. This, in turn, provides the impetus for genres to develop through ongoing immanent critique. Such genre dynamism serves as a key reference for current artistic practices, which are rapidly being transformed by the introduction of new technologies and challenges to convention. In this sense, convergence constitutes a paradoxical movement that generates a new order by criticizing and resisting a conventionalized rational order.