With the continuous increase in global energy demand across industrial, transportation, and residential sectors, environmental constraints such as oil depletion, strengthened carbon emission regulations driven by global warming, and restrictions on to...
With the continuous increase in global energy demand across industrial, transportation, and residential sectors, environmental constraints such as oil depletion, strengthened carbon emission regulations driven by global warming, and restrictions on toxic substances have become more severe. Consequently, the development of eco-friendly energy technologies has become essential. Chalcogenide-based solid materials offer significant potential for applications in electronics, energy, and optical fields. Improving materials’ intrinsic properties provides an important strategy for addressing both rising energy demand and environmental challenges. This dissertation focuses on two representative energy-related fields and investigates chalcogenide-based materials through synthesis design, and process optimization for enhanced performance.
The first research topic addresses thermoelectric (TE) materials. TE technology enables the direct conversion of waste heat into electrical energy, making it a promising next-generation eco-friendly energy technology. Representative chalcogenide TE materials include PbTe for mid-high temperature and Bi2Te3 for room-temperature applications; however, Pb poses toxicity concerns, and the scarcity of Te imposes economic limitations for commercialization. Therefore, this study pursued two research directions: (1) exploring sulfide TE materials (2) enhancing the performance of existing TE materials and.
Ag–Pb–Sb–S system is considered for exploring sulfide TE material. Although single-phase AgPbSbS3 is difficult to obtain via conventional synthesis routes, the strategic introduction of iodine (I), based on the chemical characteristics of constituent elements, combined with a kinetic synthesis route, enables the successful synthesis of a single phase AgPbSbS3-based material. This compound possesses an intrinsically ultralow thermal conductivity compared with analogous chalcogenides. Aberration-corrected transmission electron microscopy reveals off-centered cation displacements in the lattice, and sound velocity measurement demonstrates that this structural feature is associated with significant lattice softening, elucidating the origin of the unusually low lattice thermal conductivity.
SnTe has been widely investigated as a promising Pb-free alternative to PbTe for thermoelectric performance enhancement. Although SnTe shares the same crystal structure and similar electronic band structure with PbTe, high carrier concentration of SnTe, pronounced valence-band splitting, and inherently higher lattice thermal conductivity due to the lighter Sn atoms have hindered substantial performance improvement. In this work, vacancy engineering is employed to induce artificial dislocations within SnTe matrix, effectively reducing lattice thermal conductivity and consequently enhancing the TE performance of SnTe.
The second research topic concerns battery materials, with a focus on the development of solid electrolytes. Batteries store electrical energy in chemical form and release it when needed, and their applications range from mobile devices to electric vehicles and large-scale energy storage systems. However, the liquid electrolyte used in commercial lithium-ion batteries is highly volatile and vulnerable to heat and impact, posing safety issues such as fire hazards. To address this issue, the replacement of liquid electrolytes with solid electrolytes has drawn significant attention. In this study, a synthesis process for argyrodite-type solid electrolytes (Li6PSe5I) is developed.
Conventional synthesis typically involves ball-milling followed by several hours of heat treatment to obtain crystalline argyrodite. Here, spark plasma sintering (SPS) was applied, enabling the formation of crystalline argyrodite within only a few minutes of heat treatment under pressure and pulsed current. Scanning electron microscopy reveals that the SPS-processed electrolyte exhibits uniform microstructure, which contributes to improved electrochemical performance. Furthermore, the reduction in annealing time and simplification of processing steps indicate that this method could enhance the productivity of large-scale solid-electrolyte manufacturing.
Overall, this dissertation proposes diverse synthesis strategies and process optimization methods for improving the performance of chalcogenide-based materials in both thermoelectric and battery applications, providing valuable insights for the development of next-generation eco-friendly energy materials.