This study examines the association between interorganizational networks and financial and social performance of social enterprises that participated in the Social Progress Credit (SPC) program in South Korea. Drawing on insights from social capital t...
This study examines the association between interorganizational networks and financial and social performance of social enterprises that participated in the Social Progress Credit (SPC) program in South Korea. Drawing on insights from social capital theory, the resource-based view, institutional theory, and literature on social enterprises, the analysis investigates whether networks with five types of organizations—government entities, civil society organizations, private firms, financial sector, and other social enterprises—are associated with firm outcomes.
Using 565 firm-year observations from 209 social enterprises between 2021 and 2023, the study applied pooled OLS and fixed effects models, complemented by subsample analyses that distinguish social enterprises based on the proportion of close personal relations within network ties. The results for the full sample revealed limited evidence that networks are associated with either financial or social performance. A positive association between networks with other social enterprises and financial performance appeared in the pooled OLS model, but the relationship did not persist under the preferred fixed effects specification. Subsample analysis indicated that among social enterprises with a higher share of close personal relations, networks with civil society organizations are positively associated with social performance, highlighting the importance of the relational dimension of networks. However, robustness check analysis using difference GMM showed that the finding does not hold when endogeneity is addressed.
This study contributes to the literature by examining the network-performance relationship within the context of social enterprises, differentiating networks by organization type, and addressing a gap in SPC related literature. The findings underscore the relational contingencies pertaining to the network-performance link and point to the need for future research using more rigorous identification strategies, more nuanced measures of assistance quality and relational dynamics, and more representative samples of social enterprises.