This study investigates the role of the Non-Conductive Film (NCF), an inter-die insulating and bonding material, as a key design variable in improving vertical heat dissipation in 3D High Bandwidth Memory(HBM) packages. While prior studies have focuse...
This study investigates the role of the Non-Conductive Film (NCF), an inter-die insulating and bonding material, as a key design variable in improving vertical heat dissipation in 3D High Bandwidth Memory(HBM) packages. While prior studies have focused primarily on Thermal Interface Materials(TIM), heat spreaders, TSV structures, and external cooling solutions, the accumulated thermal resistance of NCF layers—whose intrinsic thermal conductivity is significantly lower than that of silicon or metal conductors—has not been sufficiently addressed. Moreover, the substantial mismatch in the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) between NCF, silicon(Si), and TSV metals induces localized interfacial deformation and stress when thermal gradients are present, making NCF a critical factor in both thermal and mechanical reliability.
Finite element method(FEM) simulations were conducted using ANSYS Workbench 2024 R2 on HBM stacks of varying heights (4Hi, 8Hi, and 12Hi). The thermal conductivity of NCF was varied from 0.1 to 20 W/m·K, and selective placement strategies were evaluated through five configuration groups: AL(All-Low), BH(Bottom-High), MH(Middle-High), TH(Top-High), and AH(All-High). To reflect realistic HBM operating conditions, 38 distinct power map scenarios were constructed based on the activity of Base PHY, Base TSV, Core Bank, and Core TSV regions, and both steady-state and transient simulations were performed.
The results reveal that the dominant thermal bottleneck within the HBM stack shifts with stack height, transitioning from bottom(4Hi) to top(8Hi) and back to bottom(12Hi). In 4Hi structures, heat stagnates near the base die, and the BH configuration demonstrates the greatest improvement. For 8Hi stacks, the bottleneck moves to the upper layers, and the TH configuration most effectively reduces ΔT and mitigates upper die deformation. In 12Hi stacks, accumulated NCF thermal resistance becomes the dominant factor, causing the bottleneck to reappear near the bottom; consequently, BH again provides the most significant thermal and mechanical improvements. These findings indicate that the placement of high thermal conductivity NCF, rather than its total quantity, is the determining factor for vertical heat path enhancement.
This study redefines NCF as a core thermal-mechanical design parameter in 3D HBM, rather than a passive insulating adhesive. The results provide stack height-dependent guidelines for selective NCF placement, enabling improved thermal uniformity, reduced interfacial deformation due to CTE mismatch, and enhanced long term package reliability. The methodology and insights presented herein are expected to contribute to the thermal management strategies of next generation high density 3D memory packages.