This ethnographic study examines how music shapes religious worlds within and beyond the church by focusing on the perceptions and practices of praise ministers affiliated with the Protestant Contemporary Christian Music (CCM) band Worship Place. Draw...
This ethnographic study examines how music shapes religious worlds within and beyond the church by focusing on the perceptions and practices of praise ministers affiliated with the Protestant Contemporary Christian Music (CCM) band Worship Place. Drawing on the concepts of performance and mediation as its primary theoretical framework, the study argues that music in Protestant Christianity functions not merely as a means of transmitting doctrine but as a mediating practice through which relationships among God, humans, and the world are reconfigured and religious ideals are realized. To this end, the study analyzes three interrelated contexts in which CCM operates: (1) the macro-level context in which CCM is employed as ritual music in Korean churches, (2) the communal context in which the relationship between ritual and music is reflexively examined, and (3) the personal context in which Christian ideals are constructed through music in everyday life.
First, the study explores the context in which CCM is mobilized as a missionary tool for adolescents and young adults in Korean churches facing a crisis caused by the departure of the younger generation. Based on ethnographic data and musical form analysis, it compares worship music associated with older generations and that of the younger generation, illustrating how musical differences contribute to a more dynamic and participatory worship culture. It further examines the theological logic through which CCM—appropriating popular music forms in a Christian manner—is legitimized as a vehicle for conveying the gospel. In this context, the experience of CCM performance as a direct encounter with God during ritual is interpreted as a process of the invisibilization of mediation.
Second, the study analyzes how a spatial crisis faced by the community influences the ritual practices of its members. Within rituals attended exclusively by its members, Worship Place reflects on its past and seeks directions for its future. This study interprets such practices as meta-rituals, that is, rituals that reflexively examine ritual itself. Through these practices, members share their inner experiences and express a longing for direct encounters with God, which in turn informs their pursuit of alignment between praise performance and inner disposition in everyday rituals. The study interprets this process as one in which the authenticity of praise is socially validated through collective reflection. It also examines how the performance of myth generates a ritual time-space in which the “Promised Land” is realized in the “here and now,” enabling the community to navigate and overcome crisis.
Third, the study investigates how Worship Place’s vision of “saving one soul” is understood and enacted at the individual level. In this context, the agent of salvation is conceived not as human but as God, leading ministers to form an instrumental identity as “servants” who carry out divine commands. In ritual settings, they understand themselves as mediating beings connecting God and humans, and within this mediated world, they come to recognize themselves as recipients of God’s love. This form of mediated existence extends into everyday life through the practice of “life as worship.” Here, music functions as a central medium through which the everyday world is transformed in Christian terms. Grounded in their lived realities, ministers imagine concrete forms of the “Kingdom of God” and reconfigure their relationships with others and the world through music, experiencing these processes as the realization of God’s Kingdom.
Through these analyses, this study demonstrates how music as a medium becomes invisibilized in ritual contexts and is experienced as the direct presence of God; how the authenticity of ritual action is constituted through collective reflexivity in meta-rituals; and how the everyday world is transformed through musical mediation into a reality experienced as the Kingdom of God. By approaching religious ideals not as discursive or ideological constructs but as materially and practically realized processes, this study highlights the potential of anthropological approaches to the study of Christianity.