Hearing Impairment is a state characterized by a significant reduction in the ability to hear sounds compared to normal hearing, and includes hearing loss resulting from acquired causes. In Korea, it is the second most common type of disability after ...
Hearing Impairment is a state characterized by a significant reduction in the ability to hear sounds compared to normal hearing, and includes hearing loss resulting from acquired causes. In Korea, it is the second most common type of disability after phisical disability, and it is a common aging-related disease in people over 50 years of age. With increasing age, the severity of hearing impairment increases and affects daily communication, leading to decreased overall quality of life. However, only a small number of patients receive appropriate treatment. Regarding the gradual progression of hearing impairment, which requires early intervention and comprehensive support system, there is a lack of previous studies that analyze the long-term relationship considering all relevant factors over time. In response to these needs, this study was conducted on older adults aged 50 and over with aquired hearing impairment using 6-year longitudinal data from the Disability Life Panel Survey, in order to investigate the longitudinal correlation among family strength, disability acceptance, and life satisfaction. Distinct trajectory groups reflecting long-term changes in disability acceptance following hearing impairment were identified. Focusing on the influence of psychological resources of family, the moderating effect on the relationship between family strengh and life satisfaction was examined. This study used family resilience theory as the theoretical background. The relationship between major research variables was analyzed using t-test and ANOVA, and the relationship between family strength and life satisfaction was analyzed by applying Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) that can estimate the average relationship between variables from repeated measured longitudinal data. In addition, based on the same data, the potential group was derived by using the Group-Based Trajectory Modeling (GBTM) based on the change pattern over time of disability acceptance. Then, by setting the derived disability acceptance trajectory groups as a moderating variable, the characteristics of the moderating effect were examined. For the overall analysis, SPSS 30.0, AMOS 30.0, and STATA programs were used. In this study, the effects of GEE on the life satisfaction of older adults over the age of 50 with hearing impairment were analyzed by applying GEE. As a result, education, sleep duration, job status, time, and family strength had a significant effect on life satisfaction. On the other hand, as a result of the analysis according to the changes in disability acceptance level over time(Time: 1st to 6th at the time of the survey), a total of participants were divided into trajectory groups with different patterns of change. Five disability-acceptance trajectory groups were identified: increasing group (6.1%), low-stable group (29.3%), moderate-stable group (45.0%), high-stable group (16.1%), and declining group (3.5%).
The increasing group had the lowest initial disability acceptance level, which remained moderate until the first to fourth rounds, then rose sharply after the fifth round, showing the greatest change in the sixth round, and showed a rising trajectory after the delay. And, the declining group showed the highest level of early disability acceptance and showed a decreasing trajectory after the initial high level, suggesting the possibility that disability acceptance may be weakened after a certain point in time. Therefore, these results emphasize the need for group-specific customized intervention to improve disability acceptance according to individual or group characteristics.
Comparing the characteristics of each trajectory group, family strength showed significant changes over time in both the increasing and the declining groups. Life satisfaction also showed significant changes across the increasing, the low-stable, and the declining groups. In particular, the increasing group showed a marked increase in satisfaction over time. These results suggest that acceptance of disability among older adults with acquired hearing impairment is not a fixed attribute, but rather a dynamic process in which family strength and life satisfaction change significantly across groups over time.
Furthermore, an analysis of the moderating effect of family strength on life satisfaction revealed that the positive impact of family strength on life satisfaction was greater in the moderate-stable and the high-stable groups than in the increasing group. Conversely, no moderating effect was observed in the low-stable and the declining groups. This study classified disability acceptance into distinctive trajectory groups and longitudinally analyzed the relationship between family strength and life satisfaction of each path. In order to improve the life satisfaction of older adults with acquired hearing impairment, the interaction between family strength and disability acceptance was comprehensively analyzed, and based on these findings, this study proposes practical, customized intervention strategies.