This study proposes a porcelain clay body incorporating spent coffee grounds as a practical approach to using coffee grounds as a ceramic material, and investigates a ceramic-making process in which the pores formed as carbonization-induced (burn-out)...
This study proposes a porcelain clay body incorporating spent coffee grounds as a practical approach to using coffee grounds as a ceramic material, and investigates a ceramic-making process in which the pores formed as carbonization-induced (burn-out) porosity during firing are employed as elements of surface articulation.
Since the 2000s, the rapid growth of coffee consumption has inevitably led to an increase in the discharge of spent coffee grounds as a by-product. Recognizing that ceramic materials have undergone meaningful changes across historical periods—from antiquity and the medieval era to modern times—the researcher focused on coffee grounds as a new material within contemporary ceramics. Based on their particle size, strength, and combustibility, coffee grounds were blended into a white-porcelain body at set ratios to produce a coffee-grounds porcelain body. During firing, the organic matter carbonizes and burns out, forming recessed pores. The researcher confirmed that these pores can function as surface decorative elements without compromising the inherent texture of unglazed white porcelain, and set as the goal of this study the material/technical framework for realizing works that utilize such porosity—establishing appropriate approaches to glazing, pigments, and lacquer, among other treatments.
Prior to the artwork-focused investigation, relevant precedents were examined. Both historical and contemporary examples of carbonization-related porosity were reviewed. Given the relative specificity of coffee grounds as a material, traces or voids produced when plastic-form organic media combust and disappear during firing were broadly defined as “carbonization porosity,” and each case was analyzed in terms of the role and visual effect of the pores, the artist’s intent, and the production process.
In the production stage, experiments were first conducted to determine a mixing ratio and particle size suitable for wheel-throwing workability. Test pieces were fired after blending coffee grounds into a porcelain body at 1%, 3%, 5%, and 7%, and changes in surface porosity and shrinkage were observed according to content. After the mixing ratio was set, partial dipping glazing was considered to refine interior surfaces and adjust color; however, during dipping, the glaze failed to seat evenly inside the pores and instead accumulated and hardened around their edges, resulting in pinhole defects. To mitigate this, two methods were applied: (1) spraying slip onto bisque-fired ware with a spray gun, then working fine mist-like particles into the pores by hand while building up layers, followed by a second bisque firing and subsequent dipping glazing; and (2) adopting a spray-glazing technique in which slip and glaze were blended at an appropriate ratio and sprayed.
While glaze partially diminished the pores and produced surface contrast through selective occlusion, pigments and lacquer were used to emphasize the pores visually, with the aim of leveraging each material’s strengths to address practical limitations in the work process. Lacquer is a coating that cures at room temperature under humid conditions; unlike glaze or colored slip, it does not involve heat-driven contraction and expansion, enabling a more stable application process. After curing, it provides moisture resistance, heat resistance, and naturally antimicrobial properties, and—through brush application—can fill even micro-pores effectively. After the final firing, colored lacquer was applied across the entire surface and then cured and polished so that pigment would remain selectively within the pores, thereby strengthening surface contrast and decorative effect. Black pigment was chosen to lower the tone of the clay body, reinforcing an impression akin to natural stone and increasing chromatic contrast with colored lacquer. In addition, by introducing color into interior spray applications, vessels with varied color combinations could be produced.
By introducing a new material grounded in a contemporary context and demonstrating the compatibility between preserving the tactile qualities of unglazed white porcelain and producing recessed surface ornament through burn-out porosity, this study holds significance in that it confirms the potential to expand ceramic materials and techniques.