According to the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), the global average temperature in 2024 rose by 1.55°C compared to pre-industrial levels, surpassing for the first time the 1.5°C target set by the Paris Agreement at COP21. As the energy sect...
According to the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), the global average temperature in 2024 rose by 1.55°C compared to pre-industrial levels, surpassing for the first time the 1.5°C target set by the Paris Agreement at COP21. As the energy sector remains the primary driver of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, managing energy consumption has become an urgent global priority. Household energy use accounts for over 70% of consumption-based emissions, and within this context, this study examines how childbirth, a key life event, alters household energy consumption practices.
Grounded in social practice theory, the study focuses on households raising children under 36 months of age who have not yet entered daycare. Using a multiple-case study approach, we conducted in-depth interviews and analyzed the data through the framework of meaning, material, competence, and relationship.
The findings reveal that after childbirth, households prioritized the hygiene and health of their infants, leading to increased appliance purchases and usage. Factors such as parental inexperience, anxiety, conspicuous consumption, and peer conformity also contributed to higher energy consumption. Digital platforms were extensively utilized to address uncertainties and information deficits in parenting practices. Additionally, spatial limitations and housing conditions constrained the purchase and use of household appliances, thereby shaping energy consumption practices. Additionally, values emphasizing convenience and efficiency in childcare, along with compensatory consumption behaviors, were evident. This study examines how energy consumption practices in households with children under 36 months of age are dynamically shaped and reorganized over time, rather than remaining fixed after childbirth. Drawing on qualitative analyses, the findings reveal that these practices evolve in response to children’s growth and developmental stages, changes in family size, and the accumulation of parenting experience and information. Based on this temporal and relational understanding of household practices, the study distinguishes between essential and potentially reducible forms of energy consumption in postpartum families.
Essential energy use is largely associated with appliances directly linked to infants’ health, hygiene, and safety, or with the increased volume of housework resulting from a larger number of children. In contrast, appliances deemed reducible include socially constructed “baby-specific appliances” or “must-have parenting items,” such as bottle sterilizers, formula dispensers, and baby food makers. As parents gain experience and develop greater competence in childcare, they become increasingly able to discern areas of “excessive energy use,” prompting adjustments in their everyday consumption practices.
These findings demonstrate that the rise in household energy consumption following childbirth is not inevitably fixed or uniformly necessary. By uncovering the processes through which postpartum energy practices change—why they shift and how they are reorganized—this study offers insights into designing policies and interventions that encourage sustainable household energy consumption without imposing undue burdens on families with young children.