This study empirically examines patterns of relational population and the process of re-vacancy in a local extinction-risk area through a case of a co-working space established to attract digital nomads. The research site is the Hansan Digital Nomad C...
This study empirically examines patterns of relational population and the process of re-vacancy in a local extinction-risk area through a case of a co-working space established to attract digital nomads. The research site is the Hansan Digital Nomad Center in Hansan-myeon, Seocheon-gun, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea. Using document analysis, in-depth interviews, and fieldwork, this study analyzes the center’s operational trajectory and user characteristics to understand how a relational population is formed and weakened, and how spatial change unfolds over time. Although the center was initially developed to attract digital nomads, it represents a case in which the project was later terminated, making it suitable for tracing both relational dynamics and subsequent spatial outcomes.
The study addresses three research questions: (1) What characteristics do users of co-working spaces in local extinction-risk areas exhibit? (2) How do these user characteristics affect the operation of co-working spaces and changes in related spaces? (3) In the process through which users may become a relational population, how do key relational attributes appear, and at what points do they weaken?
This study conceptualizes local extinction not simply as a decline in the number of residents, but as a problem concerning relationships between people and place. To this end, digital nomads─often discussed primarily in terms of mobility─are reinterpreted as a form of relational population that builds ties with localities through temporary stays. Drawing on prior literature, the study identifies four core attributes of relational population─continuity, reciprocity, modes of contribution, and settlement potential─and uses them as evaluative indicators to capture relational patterns and change in the case. Furthermore, to explain how these attributes are strengthened or weakened, the study proposes three higher-order conditions─agency, dependency, and receptivity─as an analytical framework.
The main findings are as follows. Contrary to its initial goal of attracting digital nomads, the Hansan Digital Nomad Center shifted its operational direction under policy and financial constraints toward a corporate (B2B)-oriented, short-term workcation model. As a result, the user group was reconstituted from individual digital nomads who prioritize autonomy and lifestyle to corporate employees dispatched for welfare programs and workshops. Use patterns likewise became structured around short, program-based group visits. Under these circumstances, a combination of low agency, high dependency, and insufficiently accumulated receptivity contributed to an overall weakening of the four relational attributes.
Specifically, continuity was difficult to accumulate due to limited repeat visits and opportunities for renewed contact. Reciprocity also tended to remain weak, as group-centered schedules constrained everyday interactions and exchanges with the local community. Regarding modes of contribution, a mismatch emerged between the contributions expected by the community and participants’ actual activities. Finally, settlement potential was constrained by instability in both space and everyday living foundations.
In addition, the study confirms that a formerly vacant space─temporarily revitalized through program operation─became vacant again as the project ended and the operational base weakened, illustrating a process of re-vacancy. Overall, while workcation-oriented policies may contribute to short-term spatial activation, the findings suggest clear limitations in their capacity to serve as a substantive response to local extinction when the conditions enabling the formation and accumulation of relational ties are not adequately established.