This study aims to examine how urban park policies are required to transform in regions where population decline has become a structural condition, and to derive policy directions for urban parks that reflect the characteristics of population-declinin...
This study aims to examine how urban park policies are required to transform in regions where population decline has become a structural condition, and to derive policy directions for urban parks that reflect the characteristics of population-declining areas. Conventional urban park policies have been developed based on assumptions of population growth and urban expansion; however, these assumptions are no longer valid in population-declining regions where population size and daily living structures are undergoing fundamental change.
To address this issue, this study conducted a cluster analysis of 89 local governments designated as population-declining areas in South Korea, using indicators related to urban structure, park supply, and park demand, in order to classify the urban park conditions of these regions. In addition, Goesan-gun and Samcheok-si were selected as case study sites, and a qualitative case analysis was carried out through a combination of document review, field observation, and interviews with relevant stakeholders, focusing on the planning framework, usage patterns, and operational and management practices of urban park policies.
The results indicate that urban park conditions in population-declining areas can be categorized into distinct types depending on levels of urbanization and settlement foundations, and that standardized evaluation criteria and planning approaches fail to adequately reflect the structural differences among regions. The case studies reveal that, although demographic change is widely recognized as a pressing issue in both municipalities, urban park policies continue to be largely guided by growth-oriented planning and operational logics. In addition, while some settlement-based urban parks experience declining efficiency due to weakened surrounding demand, non-statutory green spaces—such as urban forests and neighborhood resting spaces—were found to supplement or substitute the functions of formal urban parks. From a management perspective, the absence of integrated management plans encompassing both statutory and non-statutory parks, along with fragmented administrative systems, emerged as key challenges.
Based on these findings, this study argues that urban park policies in the era of population decline should move beyond approaches centered on new development or quantitative expansion, and instead shift toward management- and operation-oriented strategies that build upon existing park assets. In particular, it discusses the potential of a “park management” perspective that comprehensively reorganizes statutory and non-statutory parks by adjusting their functions, management intensity, and investment priorities as a viable policy alternative for population-declining areas. This study contributes by reinterpreting urban parks not as objects of development but as managed assets, and by providing a foundational framework for discussing the transformation of urban park roles and policy systems under conditions of population decline.