This study aims to empirically examine foodservice industry practitioners’ perceptions and acceptance of plant-based meat and to identify the key factors that inhibit or facilitate adoption and diffusion in the foodservice context. While interest in...
This study aims to empirically examine foodservice industry practitioners’ perceptions and acceptance of plant-based meat and to identify the key factors that inhibit or facilitate adoption and diffusion in the foodservice context. While interest in plant-based meat has been increasing in Korea, actual menu implementation in the field remains limited. Practical constraints are presumed to operate simultaneously, including sensory quality (taste and texture), total cost considerations driven by unit price and yield, and supply reliability. Accordingly, this study conducted a survey of menu- and ingredient-related decision-makers in the foodservice industry (chefs, corporate menu R&D staff, dietitians, purchasing/MD personnel, and owners/marketers). We separately measured attribute importance and performance (satisfaction) and analyzed their relationships with adoption intention and conditional switching intention.
Data were collected via an online questionnaire. Of 215 responses received, 203 were retained for analysis after excluding invalid cases due to low response reliability and/or missing values in key items. Respondents were distributed across major foodservice channels, including fast food (including fast casual), general restaurants (including pubs/bars), cafés (with meal/snack operations), hotels and fine dining, and institutional foodservice and concessions (e.g., food courts, airports). All constructs were measured using a 5-point Likert scale. Seven attribute dimensions were assessed: TASTE (flavor/aroma), TEXTURE (mouthfeel/physical properties), PEI·OPS (preparation and operational ease), SUP (supply reliability), COST (cost and yield), LABEL (labeling and certification trust), and PU (perceived usefulness). Analyses included descriptive statistics and tests of between-channel differences, as well as (1) a Key Driver Analysis (KDA) with “switching intention under equal quality and equal price” as the dependent variable, and (2) an Importance–Performance Analysis (IPA) to derive priority improvement areas.
The results indicate that performance (mean) scores were relatively low for TASTE (2.96), TEXTURE (3.06), SUP (2.91), and COST (2.76), highlighting the need to improve the combined axis of sensory quality, supply stability, and total cost. In the KDA, TEXTURE showed a statistically significant positive effect on conditional switching intention, suggesting that perceived improvements in texture and physical properties are the most direct driver of switching under the equal quality/price assumption. Consistent with this finding, the IPA classified TASTE, TEXTURE, SUP, and COST as “high importance–low performance” attributes, implying that menu diffusion requires (i) tangible improvements in taste and texture with reduced batch-to-batch variation, (ii) mitigation of supply risks such as delivery reliability and flexibility in minimum order quantity (MOQ), and (iii) optimization of total cost that accounts not only for unit price but also yield, waste, and operational costs.
Conditional switching intention rates differed across channels. Institutional foodservice and concessions showed the highest rate (46.2%), followed by fast food (37.0%), cafés (27.0%), general restaurants (21.0%), and hotels/fine dining (9.0%). This pattern suggests that channel-specific operational constraints and customer expectations may shape acceptance. Respondents also anticipated that institutional foodservice and concessions would be the earliest channels to adopt plant-based meat, followed by fast food, cafés, general restaurants, and hotels/fine dining.
This study offers practical implications for suppliers, foodservice operators, and policymakers. For suppliers, product advancement should prioritize sensory quality—particularly texture—while strengthening value propositions related to supply reliability and total cost of ownership (TCO). For operators, adoption strategies should be tailored to channel characteristics through staged implementation (pilot–standardization–scale-up). From a policy perspective, institutional arrangements—such as public procurement standards and menu provision requirements—may function as levers for market expansion. Considering international cases in which mandatory option provision or “default” choice architecture in public foodservice accelerated diffusion, a policy package combining standardization, pilot programs, and culinary training support may be effective in the Korean context. Future research should improve sample representativeness, integrate behavioral data (e.g., purchasing and sales), and test channel-by-attribute interaction effects to clarify diffusion mechanisms more rigorously.