This study aims to analyze the visual effects of Op Art through the neural mechanisms of aftereffects and to elucidate the aesthetic experience of viewing Op Art from a neuroscientific perspective. Op Art is a form of geometric abstract art that stimu...
This study aims to analyze the visual effects of Op Art through the neural mechanisms of aftereffects and to elucidate the aesthetic experience of viewing Op Art from a neuroscientific perspective. Op Art is a form of geometric abstract art that stimulates the visual system through intense color contrasts and repetitive patterns, thereby generating illusory images within the viewer’s brain. Existing international studies on Op Art have primarily focused on its formal and visual characteristics, while domestic research has tended to approach Op Art patterns as practical resources for design applications. In response to these limitations, this study adopts neuroscientific concepts to examine the visual effects of Op Art and to deepen the understanding of its perceptual experience.
Prolonged viewing of Op Art’s high-contrast colors and repetitive patterns often produces temporary visual distortions that diverge from physical reality, revealing a gap between what objectively exists and what is perceptually experienced. This perceptual discrepancy constitutes the core of the Op Art viewing experience. Op Art artists deliberately employed color, pattern, and structure to induce such distortions, thereby exposing both the limitations and the underlying organization of the human visual system. When the visual system is exposed to strong stimuli over time, it undergoes adaptation, and the resulting perceptual phenomena are known as aftereffects. Aftereffects are neural phenomena in which temporary distortions of perception arise due to adaptation and overload within the visual system. They provide a key explanatory framework for experiences such as dizziness or the momentary warping of visual forms when viewing Op Art. Because aftereffects are closely related to the stage-by-stage processing of visual information, their analysis offers critical insight into both visual information processing and the mechanisms underlying Op Art’s visual distortions.
Accordingly, this study first examines the historical and artistic context in which Op Art emerged, then outlines the human visual information processing system and the neural mechanisms of aftereffects that occur at each processing stage. Based on this framework, the study analyzes various types of aftereffects observed in Op Art and ultimately seeks to interpret the Op Art viewing experience through a neuroscientific lens.