This study aims to address the discrepancy between moral knowledge and moral practice by focusing on the concept of belief and reconceptualizing it from adispositional perspective, thereby systematically examining its moral functions and educational a...
This study aims to address the discrepancy between moral knowledge and moral practice by focusing on the concept of belief and reconceptualizing it from adispositional perspective, thereby systematically examining its moral functions and educational applicability. Recent discussions in moral education have attempted to resolve this gap through approaches centered on implicit and automatic moral schemas. However, such approaches have shown limitations in explicitly articulating the grounds for action and securing ethical consistency throughout a subject’s life. In response, this study redefines belief as a cluster of dispositions to respond consistently across behavioral, phenomenal, and cognitive dimensions. By systematizing its moral functions and the conditions for their realization, this research seeks to establish an educational framework to bridge moral knowledge and practice.
This study reconceptualizes belief as a disposition that influences an individual’s actions, emotions, and thoughts throughout life. The strength of a belief is understood as the degree to which behavioral, phenomenal, and cognitive dispositions are integrated toward a consistent direction; the greater this integration, the stronger the influence of belief on the individual’s conduct, affect, and cognition. This dispositional perspective effectively explains the internal motivational structure of belief and captures its continuous nature beyond a dichotomous framework. Belief is characterized by three primary functions—epistemic, practical, and evaluative—corresponding respectively to cognitive, behavioral, and phenomenal dispositions. These functions demonstrate that belief enables the acceptance of truth, the production of action, and the formation of value judgments.
In morally value-laden contexts, belief manifests its moral function—a secondary function—through the integrated operation of its primary functions. From the perspective of moral motivation, belief facilitates the rapid and consistent manifestation of moral behavior. However, in reality, the moral function of belief is often hindered by the incompleteness of transitional beliefs. The rigidity of belief may result in cognitive issues such as belief superiority and cognitive inflexibility, as well as social problems such as intolerance toward those with dissenting views. Moreover, the fragility of belief, arising from insufficient reinforcement, leads to discrepancies between moral judgment and action. For belief to fully realize its moral function, two conditions must be satisfied: epistemic justification and strengthening. Epistemic justification grants normative authority to belief through reflective endorsement, while strengthening increases the coherence and intensity of dispositions toward a unified direction.
Based on this theoretical foundation, the study proposes educational approaches to facilitate the moral functioning of belief. To promote epistemic justification, metacognitive strategies are employed to encourage the re-examination of beliefs, and mindfulness practices are introduced to alleviate intolerance toward differing beliefs. Furthermore, belief strengthening is conceptualized as a two-stage process: qualitative strengthening, in which fragmented dispositions are organized toward a moral orientation through cognitive reflection, and quantitative strengthening, in which belief is stabilized and solidified at the level ofmoral conviction through emotional engagement.
Finally, this study presents practical applications within moral education. First, it proposes restructuring character education toward an embodied approach where knowledge and practice are integrated through belief. Based on an analysis of the 2022 Revised Moral Education Curriculum, the study offers revisions to achievement standards to explicitly incorporate the moral functions of belief. Second, a new discussion-based instructional model is designed by integrating reflective structured dialogue, ethical debate model, street epistemology, and mindfulness techniques. This model provides learners with structured opportunities to express their beliefs, engage in public reasoning, and develop epistemically justified and strengthened beliefs.
In conclusion, this study systematizes belief—previously peripheral in moral education discourse—as a core psychological mechanism for moral action. It highlights the possibility of cultivating steadfast yet open-minded beliefs that are epistemically justified while respecting others asepistemic peers. The proposed framework is expected to contribute to resolving value conflicts in pluralistic societies and to fostering moral agents capable of consistent and principled moral action.