This study aims to investigate the consciousness of civilizational critique in the fiction of Son Chang-seop and, based on that critical consciousness, to identify the author’s problematic as it emerges in the process of constructing a new civilized...
This study aims to investigate the consciousness of civilizational critique in the fiction of Son Chang-seop and, based on that critical consciousness, to identify the author’s problematic as it emerges in the process of constructing a new civilized society. Son has long been regarded as a representative writer of postwar literature in Korean modern literary history, and accordingly, most previous studies of his work have approached his fiction within the framework of “postwar literature.” Furthermore, after his primary medium shifted to serialized newspaper fiction in the 1960s, his works were often mischaracterized as low-art novels of manner depicting contemporary trends and, as a result, were sometimes excluded from the scope of academic research. Although these research tendencies have produced important scholarly achievements, they have also limitations in grasping and understanding the comprehensive problematic manifested in Son’s literary world and creative process. In seeking to answer the question of what problematic is embedded in Son’s fiction, this study focuses on representations of human beings and human nature across his works, ranging from short stories published in the 1950s to serialized newspaper novels written in the 1970s.
Harboring a profound animosity toward civilized individuals and their morality, Son Chang-seop portrays negative human figures in most of his works, thereby revealing his critical stance against civilized society, which he believed was corrupting human morality. This critical consciousness about civilized society seems to be closely related to Rousseau, a philosopher whom Son was devoted to as if he were a “fever patient.” Therefore, this study elucidates the civilizational critique in Son's fiction based on Rousseau’s naturalism. However, unlike Rousseau, who sought to build a new form of civilization through democratic solutions, Son reveals a distinct problematic in that, in the process of attempting to build a new civilized society, he explores moral value cooperation as a possible solution. This problematic can be discerned in the way he portrays positive characters in his later works.
Chapter 2 analyzes the negative human figures that appear in Son Chang-seop’s early fiction by categorizing them into three types, based on Rousseau’s perspective that civilized society corrupts the pure morality of human beings. Section 2.1 focuses on the individuals who, due to the influence of war, become insensitive to the pain and suffering of others. Section 2.2 examines characters who, because of postwar poverty, become engulfed in desires for food, sex, and power, and, by revealing dehumanized aspects, come to prioritize narcissistic self-preservation above all else. Section 2.3 focuses on opportunists and authoritarians who justify unethical means for the sake of achieving personal interests and objectives. These groups of negative characters in Son’s early fiction not only reflect social realities but also embody his critique of civilized society.
Chapter 3 analyzes the positive human figures and the contrasting character structures in Son’s later fiction, thereby clarifying his problematic of constructing a new form of civilization through cooperation based on moral values as a solution. Section 3.1 discusses the individuals who strive to restore community solidarity through empathy, which serves as the foundation for moral value-based cooperation. Section 3.2 focuses on the figure of the teacher, who encourages the practice of moral values and ethical conduct. Section 3.3 examines the characters who refuse to remain silent in the face of social injustice and raise their own critical voices in order to establish the moral values of the community. Consequently, this study asserts that the characters in Son's fiction are configured not only to criticize civilization but also to contribute to the construction of a better new society based on such critical consciousness.
Although Son Chang-seop’s early and later fiction may appear fragmented, they in fact consistently maintain the same problematic in their critique of civilized society and its ramifications. This problematic begins in the early fiction with negative characters who reveal the moral degeneration of civilized individuals and proceeds, in the later fiction, toward positive characters who possess a longing to restore a moral community, thereby sustaining internal consistency. Such a progression demonstrates that while Son exposes a critical consciousness toward a civilization that erodes human morality, he simultaneously reveals an independent and distinctive problematic in the process of seeking solutions for constructing a better society through the restoration of moral values. In this respect, this study demonstrates that Son Chang-seop’s later fiction, while maintaining continuity with his early fiction, are endowed with greater significance and a deeper sense of humanity.