This study presents a comparative analysis of daegeum melodies in Chwita-gyeju (Chwi-gye) and Chwita-pungnyu (Chwi-pung), as well as Gwanak Yeongsanhoesang (Gwan-yeong) and Private Gwanak Yeongsanhoesang (Min-yeong), with the aim of identifying both t...
This study presents a comparative analysis of daegeum melodies in Chwita-gyeju (Chwi-gye) and Chwita-pungnyu (Chwi-pung), as well as Gwanak Yeongsanhoesang (Gwan-yeong) and Private Gwanak Yeongsanhoesang (Min-yeong), with the aim of identifying both the similarities and differences between the two repertory lineages. The analysis focuses on pitch organization, rhythmic cycles (jangdan), sectional structure, melodic development, and the treatment of sigimsae. The findings of the study may be summarized as follows.
Chapter II examines and compares the melodies of Chwi-gye Chwita, Gilgeun-ak, Gilgeun-ak Movement IV, and Gun-ak with those of Chwi-pung Chwita, Gilgeun-ak, Gil-taryeong, and Byeolgok-taryeong. The results indicate that the repertories of Chwi-gye and Chwi-pung largely share the same melodic framework and pitch materials. An analysis of pitch organization and rhythmic cycles reveals that Chwi-gye and Chwi-pung Chwita, Chwi-gye and Chwi-pung Gilgeun-ak, as well as Chwi-gye Gun-ak and Chwi-pung Byeolgok-taryeong all employ a pentatonic scale consisting of e♭, f, g, b♭, and c. A difference is observed only between Chwi-gye Gilgeun-ak Movement IV and Chwi-pung Gil-taryeong, where the latter replaces g with a♭. The basic jangdan framework is likewise shared across the corresponding pieces.
More pronounced differences emerge in sectional organization. The seventh section and connecting passage of Chwi-gye Chwita correspond to the seventh section of Chwi-pung Chwita, while the doljang of Chwi-pung Chwita corresponds to the opening portion of Chwi-gye Gilgeun-ak. In addition, Chwi-gye Gilgeun-ak Movement IV corresponds to the doljang and the first two jangdan of the first section of Chwi-pung Gil-taryeong, and the doljang of Chwi-pung Samhyeon-taryeong is related to the second through fourth jangdan of Chwi-gye Gun-ak. These relationships demonstrate that, although the two repertory lineages are based on the same melodic flow, they differ in the manner in which sections are delineated and entire pieces are constructed.
Differences are also observed in melodic development and the treatment of sigimsae. In both Chwi-gye and Chwi-pung Chwita and Gilgeun-ak, nong-eum on f′ appears as a shared feature. In Chwi-gye, ascending ornaments and the court-style sigimsae known as tteo-ieo occur repeatedly, whereas in the Chwi-pung repertory, descending nong-eum is more frequent, and characteristic performance practices include the repetition of identical melodic phrases and the segmentation of beats through pauses.
Chapter III compares the repertories of Gwan-yeong and Min-yeong. As with the Chwita repertories, these two traditions largely share the same melodic framework and pitch materials. Analysis of pitch organization and rhythmic cycles shows that, with the exception of Gwan-yeong Sangnyeongsan and Gun-ak and Min-yeong Daeyeongsan and Byeolgok-taryeong, most pieces employ a pentatonic scale consisting of e♭, g♭, a♭, b♭, and d♭. Gwan-yeong Sangnyeongsan and Min-yeong Daeyeongsan are characterized by the use of f instead of g♭, while Gwan-yeong Gun-ak and Min-yeong Byeolgok-taryeong employ a pentatonic scale composed of f, g, b♭, c, and e♭. The basic jangdan framework is likewise shared across the two traditions.
Sectional organization reveals diverse differences across individual pieces. Gwan-yeong Sangnyeongsan and Min-yeong Daeyeongsan differ in the number of sections, with four and five sections respectively, yet share the same total length of fourteen jangdan. Gwan-yeong Jungnyeongsan and Min-yeong Jungyeongsan exhibit complete correspondence in both the number of sections and jangdan. By contrast, Gwan-yeong Seryeongsan and Min-yeong Jatyeongsan differ in both the number of sections and total jangdan, with Min-yeong Jatyeongsan containing two additional jangdan. In Samhyeon-dodeuri, although the total number of jangdan is identical, a single section in Gwan-yeong corresponds to two sections in Min-yeong, indicating a more finely segmented sectional structure in the latter. Gwan-yeong Taryeong and Min-yeong Samhyeon-taryeong both consist of four sections, yet differ in total length, comprising twenty-six and twenty-seven jangdan respectively. Similarly, Gwan-yeong Gun-ak and Min-yeong Byeolgok-taryeong both consist of four sections but differ in total length, with forty-eight and forty-three jangdan respectively. These differences may be attributed to the correspondence between the three-jangdan doljang of Min-yeong Samhyeon-taryeong and the opening portion of Gwan-yeong Gun-ak, as well as to the omission of certain repeated melodic passages in Min-yeong Samhyeon-taryeong.
Consistent distinctions between Gwan-yeong and Min-yeong are also evident in melodic development and sigimsae treatment. With the exception of Gun-ak and Byeolgok-taryeong, both traditions commonly employ nong-eum on e♭′. In Gwan-yeong Sangnyeongsan and Jungnyeongsan, court-style sigimsae such as tteo-ieo and a variety of ornamental tones are frequently used. Gwan-yeong Seryeongsan features rolling ornaments articulated in short rhythmic units, while Gwan-yeong Samhyeon-dodeuri is characterized by the use of a wide pitch range in addition to ornaments and tteo-ieo. In Gwan-yeong Taryeong, ascending ornaments on g♭′ appear frequently, along with descending ornaments and tteo-ieo, and Gwan-yeong Gun-ak is distinguished by ascending ornaments on b♭″ and the application of nong-eum to c′. By contrast, Min-yeong Daeyeongsan and Jungyeongsan repeatedly employ descending nong-eum on b♭″, Min-yeong Jatyeongsan features repeated articulation of the same pitch with frequent breaks, and Min-yeong Samhyeon-dodeuri emphasizes tone prolongation, nong-eum, and frequent descending ornaments on d♭″ and g♭′. In Min-yeong Samhyeon-taryeong, nong-eum and sustained tones occur with relatively high frequency, alongside brief articulations of d♭″, while Min-yeong Byeolgok-taryeong is characterized by active descending nong-eum on c″ and the use of nong-eum on f′.
Through these analyses, this study confirms that Chwi-gye and Chwi-pung, as well as Gwan-yeong and Min-yeong, share common melodic frameworks, pitch materials, and basic jangdan structures, while exhibiting distinct characteristics in sectional organization, melodic development, and the treatment of sigimsae. These differences may be understood as the result of repertories derived from a common musical source being transmitted within differing systems of transmission and performance practice.