This paper examines light art and the experience of its viewer through philosophy of Maurice Merleau-Ponty. As an art form that employs light as its primary medium and is comprised of light, light art has garnered increasing attention in contemporary ...
This paper examines light art and the experience of its viewer through philosophy of Maurice Merleau-Ponty. As an art form that employs light as its primary medium and is comprised of light, light art has garnered increasing attention in contemporary art scene. However, theoretical discussions surrounding it have often been confined within the dualistic framework of subject and object. This study seeks to articulate that light art can be the manifestation of chiasm, the interwining of subject and object.
To this end, the paper first defines light art and traces its historical development. Light art emerged in the early 20th century with the advent of electric light. European Avant-garde movements at the time such as Futurism, Bauhaus, Constructivism, and Dada contributed to its emergence. From the 1920s, artists such as László Moholy-Nagy, Thomas Wilfred, Gyula Kosice began using light as the chief medium in their works. In 1960s, young artists such as James Turrell, Dan Flavin, and those in ZERO group refined the techniques of light art and brought it into wider recognition in Europe and the US. Despite its evolution, light art has often faced criticism that it risks eliminating the boundary between an artwork, or the object and its viewer, or the subject. To offer a new perspective on light art, this paper turns to Merleau-Ponty's philosophy. Merleau-Ponty critiques Cartesian dualism and suggests that subject and object are composed of the same 'element'—flesh—and that boundaries between them are fluid and temporary. By examining light art through this lens, the paper reveals that light art can be considered as a manifestation of flesh and offers a renewed understanding of the relationship between the artwork and the viewer.