This study aimed to examine the influence of supervisors’ empowering leadership on employees’ career commitment in large-sized knowledge-based service industry. This study also investigated the mediating effect of proactive work behavior as well a...
This study aimed to examine the influence of supervisors’ empowering leadership on employees’ career commitment in large-sized knowledge-based service industry. This study also investigated the mediating effect of proactive work behavior as well as the moderated mediation effect of organizational justice in this relationship. The specific research objectives were as follows: First, to identify the direct relationships among supervisors’ empowering leadership, proactive work behavior, and career commitment among employees in the knowledge-based service industry of large companies. Second, to examine the mediating effect of proactive work behavior in the relationship between supervisors’ empowering leadership and employees’ career commitment. Third, to analyze the moderating effect of organizational justice on the mediating role of proactive work behavior in the relationship between empowering leadership and career commitment.
The population of this study consisted of employees working in large-sized knowledge-based service industry. To define this population, relevant literature and industry classifications were reviewed to specify the scope of knowledge-based service industry. Based on the Korean Standard Industrial Classification(KSIC), the sampling frame was set to include companies belonging to four major industries: ‘Information and Communication (J)’, ‘Professional, Scientific and Technical Services (M)’, Financial and Insurance Activities (K), and Education Services (P). A purposive sampling method was used to collect data from 381 employees working in 30 major large-scale companies within the knowledge-intensive service sector in Korea.
The survey instrument consisted of 61 items measuring empowering leadership, proactive work behavior, career commitment, organizational justice, and demographic characteristics. Five experts—including HRD PhD holders and practitioners with extensive experience in large knowledge-based service firms—verified the content validity of the instrument. A pilot survey (2025. 09. 26 ~ 10. 02) and a main survey(10.10 ~ 10. 24) to confirm the reliability of the instrument. Responses were collected using the online survey platform Google Forms. The data were analyzed using SPSS and PROCESS Macro, employing descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, group difference tests, and hierarchical regression analyses to examine direct effects, mediation effects, and moderated mediation effects. The statistical significance level was set at .05. In the mediation analyses, effects were considered significant when the bootstrap confidence interval did not include 0.
The findings were as follows. First, empowering leadership had a significant positive effect on employees’ career commitment. Empowering leadership also significantly increased proactive work behavior, and proactive work behavior, in turn, showed a positive effect on career commitment. Second, organizational justice moderated the relationship between empowering leadership and proactive work behavior. Third, the moderated mediation analysis demonstrated that when organizational justice was high, the indirect effect of empowering leadership on career commitment through proactive work behavior increased significantly. Furthermore, distributive justice, procedural justice, and interactional justice all showed statistically significant moderated mediation effects.
The conclusions of this study are as follows. First, empowering leadership plays a critical role in enhancing career commitment among employees in large corporations within the knowledge service industry. This finding suggests that career commitment can be strengthened not only through individual-level career development efforts but also by simultaneously providing empowering leadership support from supervisors. Second, proactive work behavior was found to mediate the relationship between empowering leadership and career commitment. That is, when employees are granted sufficient autonomy and trust regarding their work, they are more likely to engage in proactive work behaviors, which in turn contribute to higher levels of career commitment. Third, organizational justice enhances employees’ career commitment by amplifying the relationship between supervisors’ empowering leadership and proactive work behavior. This result indicates that a fair organizational environment is a key condition that strengthens the positive effects of empowering leadership.
The practical implications of this study are as follows. First, in order to create an environment in which empowering leadership can be effectively exercised, organizations need to expand leadership training programs and reorganize their educational content. Second, organizations should establish systematic strategies to support employees’ career development. Only when career development systems that influence long-term career growth are implemented at the organizational level can enhanced career commitment be expected. Third, organizations should foster work environments characterized by procedural justice and interactional justice. To achieve this, organizations should ensure that leaders transparently communicate evaluation-related criteria, procedures, and outcomes, and promote more frequent interactions through feedback and communication systems.
Suggestions for future research are as follows. First, future studies should reflect changes in the definition and scope of the knowledge service industry. As the industrial environment continues to evolve, efforts are required to understand changes in research populations and variables and to incorporate these changes into empirical research. Second, comparative studies considering various industry sectors, organizational types, and job characteristics are needed. Such research would contribute to enhancing the generalizability of the findings by identifying how differences across organizations and job contexts within the knowledge service industry influence the relationships among variables. Third, qualitative or mixed-method research approaches should be further expanded. There is a need to examine the dynamics among variables and contextual factors in greater depth, and in-depth explorations of leadership and career commitment within the knowledge service industry can be conducted through interviews, case studies, and other qualitative research methods.