According to the 2023 Survey of Civil Servants conducted by the Ministry of Personnel Management, 34.3% of respondents reported an intention to leave public service, with the proportion exceeding 40% among civil servants in their 20s and 30s. Recent r...
According to the 2023 Survey of Civil Servants conducted by the Ministry of Personnel Management, 34.3% of respondents reported an intention to leave public service, with the proportion exceeding 40% among civil servants in their 20s and 30s. Recent reports by the National Assembly Research Service further indicate an increase in voluntary resignations among newly appointed civil servants, suggesting that turnover intention is increasingly translating into actual turnover. The public service is a core domain in which policies for citizens are formulated and implemented, and an increase in civil servants’ turnover rates can lead to substantial losses in terms of the stability of public services and national human resource management.
Against this backdrop, this study focuses on malicious complaints and aims to elucidate the process through which civil servants who have internalized public service values come to develop turnover intention when repeatedly exposed to malicious complaints as negative administrative experiences, as such exposure undermines the feasibility of value realization and weakens the perceived legitimacy of job performance. To this end, the study analyzes the direct effect of public service values on civil servants’ turnover intention and empirically examines how malicious complaints moderate this relationship.
Previous studies on the public sector has consistently shown that public service values function as a protective factor that enhances positive job attitudes and reduces turnover intention. However, these studies tend to conceptualize public service values as relatively fixed individual traits or explain turnover intention as the outcome of cumulatively accumulated dissatisfaction. Moreover, prior research on malicious complaints has mainly treated them as a subdimension of job stress or emotional labor, thereby failing to sufficiently identify their independent influence on turnover decision-making.
To address these limitations, this study conceptualizes malicious complaints not merely as a source of job stress, but as a critical external environmental factor that can directly undermine the meaning and legitimacy of work for value-oriented civil servants. Using data from the 2024 Survey on the Quality of Public Service Life, malicious complaints were operationalized as an moderating variable based on extracted survey items. The analytical model also controls for role conflict, role ambiguity, organizational culture types, organizational cynicism, and demographic characteristics, enabling a more precise estimation of the net effects of public service values and malicious complaints on turnover intention.
The results indicate that public service values significantly reduce turnover intention overall. However, as the level of exposure to malicious complaints increases, the protective effect of public service values weakens substantially. This finding suggests that public service values are not static individual attributes but context-dependent factors whose effects vary according to the administrative environment. Even civil servants with strong internalized public service values are more likely to consider leaving when repeatedly exposed to severe malicious complaints, as the mismatch between their values and work environment intensifies.
This study contributes to the literature in several important ways. First, This study conceptualizes malicious complaints in the public sector as an independent analytical construct rather than as a subdimension of job stress or emotional labor. It empirically examines the distinct effect of malicious complaints on turnover intention among local government officials. The study further theorizes malicious complaints as concrete administrative experiences that directly conflict with public service values, rather than as the accumulation of generalized dissatisfaction. The findings demonstrate that specific negative complaint experiences can trigger turnover intention. By controlling for a wide range of job-related, organizational, and demographic factors, the study tests the moderating effect of malicious complaints on the relationship between public service values and turnover intention. The results show that the protective effect of public service values weakens or shifts under adverse complaint environments. Overall, this study reconceptualizes public service values as a contextual factor that operates through interaction with external administrative conditions and extends theoretical explanations of employee retention in the public sector.
From a policy perspective, the findings suggest that strengthening public service values through ethics education alone is insufficient to mitigate turnover intention. Effective and institutionalized responses to malicious complaints are also necessary. Malicious complaints should no longer be regarded as issues of individual tolerance or service attitude, but as structural risk factors that threaten workforce retention and the quality of public services. Accordingly, reinforcing legal and institutional protections, developing measures to address repetitive and non-abusive malicious complaints, and establishing organizational support systems involving supervisors and colleagues are essential policy strategies to reduce turnover intention and enhance organizational stability.
In summary, by examining the interaction between public service values and malicious complaints, this study expands theoretical discussions on public-sector workforce retention and empirically demonstrates that malicious complaints constitute a serious structural threat to civil servants’ job continuity and organizational stability. In doing so, the study underscores the seriousness of malicious complaints and offers policy-relevant directions for addressing the issue.