Recent advances in bio-integrated electronics have enabled continuous monitoring of physiological and biochemical signals. However, the development of conformable and ultrathin systems that can intimately interface with soft biological tissues while m...
Recent advances in bio-integrated electronics have enabled continuous monitoring of physiological and biochemical signals. However, the development of conformable and ultrathin systems that can intimately interface with soft biological tissues while maintaining reliable performance remains a major challenge. This thesis presents the design, fabrication, and application of ultrathin, mechanically adaptive bio-integrated electronic systems for biochemical monitoring.
First, design strategies for conformable electronics were established to achieve seamless integration with biological surfaces. Ultrathin electronic platforms were designed to minimize mechanical mismatch and ensure stable operation under deformation. Based on these design principles, a series of fabrication strategies were developed, including photolithography-based microfabrication for reliable patterning and transfer printing for heterogeneous integration of functional microcomponents such as micro-light-emitting diodes (μLEDs).
The developed fabrication approaches were applied to demonstrate various biochemical sensing systems. Ultrathin organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) were fabricated and optimized for multi-gate operation, enabling sensitive and selective detection of multiple biomarkers relevant to disease diagnosis. Building on this platform, an ultrathin optical biomarker monitoring system was realized by integrating OECTs with near-infrared (NIR) μLEDs. This system converts biochemical signals directly into optical outputs, allowing chip-free and wireless data transmission. The integrated device exhibited stable operation under mechanical deformation and enabled real-time monitoring of glucose levels in sweat when implemented as a wearable patch. Furthermore, NIR image analysis allowed wireless visualization of biochemical signal changes using only an NIR camera, confirming the feasibility of noninvasive optical monitoring.
Overall, this work establishes a comprehensive framework for the development of ultrathin, flexible, and multifunctional bio-integrated electronics. The combination of mechanically compliant architectures, versatile fabrication techniques, and optical wireless communication offers a new route toward the realization of soft and chipless sensing systems. These technologies provide an alternative for next-generation wearable and implantable healthcare devices capable of continuous, real-time biochemical monitoring.