Prostatic calcification is commonly observed in dogs on ultrasonography. This study aimed to evaluate whether specific ultrasonographic features of prostatic calcification can differentiate benign from malignant lesions in dogs. In this retrospective ...
Prostatic calcification is commonly observed in dogs on ultrasonography. This study aimed to evaluate whether specific ultrasonographic features of prostatic calcification can differentiate benign from malignant lesions in dogs. In this retrospective study, 492 male dogs underwent abdominal ultrasonography between January 2019 and April 2025. Of these, 71 dogs with prostatic calcification and sufficient follow-up were included for analysis. Nineteen dogs were diagnosed with malignant prostatic tumors, and 52 were classified as presumed benign. Ultrasonographic features such as severity, pattern, laterality, zonal location, and deposit size of prostatic calcification, and associated findings including cystic changes, prostatic enlargement, and radiographic calcification were assessed. Malignant lesions were significantly associated with moderate to severe calcification (89.5%), trabecular or confluent patterns, bilateral and diffuse distribution (84.2% and 78.9%, respectively), and mineral deposits > 1mm in diameter (94.7%). In contrast, benign lesions predominantly showed mild, focal or multifocal calcification (88.5%), typically unilateral, with smaller deposits. Although cysts were observed in both lesions, malignant cases more frequently showed larger cysts (≥ 10 mm) and greater parenchymal involvement (≥ 30%). Prostatic enlargement and radiographic calcification were present in all malignant cases but uncommon in benign dogs (34.6% and 3.8%, respectively). Observer agreement for all ultrasonographic features was excellent. These findings suggest that ultrasonographic evaluation can aid in distinguishing benign from malignant prostatic lesions. While some degree of overlap in imaging findings was present, the combined evaluation of ultrasonographic features provides clinically useful differentiation between benign and malignant prostatic disease in dogs