Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a leading cause of chronic liver disease worldwide, yet its genetic architecture remains insufficiently characterized in non-European populations. I conducted a trans-ancestry GWAS me...
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a leading cause of chronic liver disease worldwide, yet its genetic architecture remains insufficiently characterized in non-European populations. I conducted a trans-ancestry GWAS meta-analysis integrating 18,127 East Asian individuals from Korean cohorts and 22,340 European individuals from UK Biobank and developed three PRS models validated in an independent Korean cohort.
My meta-analysis identified 9 genome-wide significant loci, with MTARC1 variant reaching genome-wide significance only in the trans-ancestry GWAS meta-analysis. Among Europeans, the genetic architecture differed by disease definition: PPARG showed stronger association with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), MTTP was more strongly associated with MASLD.
To translate these genetic discoveries into clinically useful predictive tools, I constructed polygenic risk score (PRS) models. I developed East Asian-specific PRS-CS, European-specific PRS-CS, and a trans-ancestry PRS-CSx meta-model polygenic risk score (PRS) model integrating both populations. Among these PRS models, the trans-ancestry PRS-CSx meta model exhibits higher predictive performance compared to single-ancestry models (AUC = 0.565, pseudo-R² = 0.016). Individuals in the top 10% of PRS-CSx meta have a 1.48-fold increased MASLD risk (95% CI: 1.25–1.74), and adding this PRS to clinical models significantly improves prediction (AUC: 0.879 → 0.884, P < 0.001).
In summary, this study identified a novel ancestry-specific genetic locus for MASLD and demonstrated that ancestry-specific PRS effectively improved risk prediction in Koreans.