Within the context of climate change, this dissertation examines the profiles of energy poor population, the health implications of energy poverty (EP) and its mediating pathways, and the effectiveness of Korea’s energy voucher policy from a social ...
Within the context of climate change, this dissertation examines the profiles of energy poor population, the health implications of energy poverty (EP) and its mediating pathways, and the effectiveness of Korea’s energy voucher policy from a social welfare perspective. Energy poverty, defined as the inability to afford basic energy needs, lies at the nexus of socioeconomic, health, and environmental challenges. Vulnerable groups experience structural constraints on their capacity to adapt to climate and environmental conditions, including energy use, leading to pronounced negative consequences for their health and well-being.
In South Korea, EP affects an estimated 5-10% of the population, a group characterized by multidimensional vulnerabilities. Amid ongoing environmental and demographic challenges such as climate change, fuel resource depletion, and population aging, EP, its underlying multidimensional vulnerabilities, and related health and social outcomes warrant greater research attention from a social welfare perspective. Using Korea Welfare Panel Study data, this dissertation aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of EP and associated policy in Korea, with particular attention to their health implications.
Study 1 adopted an intersection-of-vulnerabilities perspective and examined how socioeconomic status, housing, and climate-related vulnerabilities shape Korea’s energy poor population, identifying two distinct clusters (i.e., “Middle-aged-to-older adult urban households” and “Elderly single-person, housing vulnerable”) warranting tailored policy interventions. Study 2 employed longitudinal mediation methods to examine the health implications of EP by tracing multiple intermediary pathways within the social determinants of health framework, finding that EP was adversely associated with health for most outcomes via mediating pathways. Study 3 applied a quasi-experimental design to evaluate the impact of Korea’s Energy Voucher policy on health outcomes via EP. It provided modest evidence for an ameliorative indirect pathway for certain outcomes, although evidence for total effect remained inconclusive. In sum, the three studies suggest that EP policy should give greater weight to health across multiple domains, especially subjective and mental health. They also imply there would be value in interventions that are targeted to the underlying vulnerabilities that shape EP and that are more attentive to proximal determinants of health.