The increasing demand for lightweight, high-performance, and fuel-efficient structures in industries such as automotive and aerospace has driven significant research into hybrid metal-composite materials. However, effectively joining these dissimilar ...
The increasing demand for lightweight, high-performance, and fuel-efficient structures in industries such as automotive and aerospace has driven significant research into hybrid metal-composite materials. However, effectively joining these dissimilar materials remains a primary obstacle. Traditional methods like adhesive bonding and mechanical fastening suffer from limitations in environmental durability, process efficiency, and strength. While modern laser-textured joining has shown promise, it is critically deficient in two key areas: weak joint strength under cross-tension loading. Furthermore, existing multi-step joining processes are often complex and ill-suited for high-volume industrial production.
This work presents a theoretical and experimental investigation into a novel laser textured injection molded Joining (LIJ), which overcomes these fundamental limitations. The LIJ method integrates advanced laser texturing; employing a custom angular and wobble-beam system to machine deep, undercut grooves; with a single-step in-situ injection molding process. A fiber-reinforced thermoplastic is molded directly onto a textured steel substrate, establishing a robust and fastener-free mechanical interlock. A comprehensive experimental optimization demonstrated the process's efficacy, achieving a maximum cross-tension strength of 13.8 MPa, which significantly exceeds previously reported values. The process also yielded an exceptional lap-shear strength of 41.7 MPa. Failure analysis and durability testing are performed to analyze the behavior of the joint in both manufacturing and service environments.
To predict and understand the joint's performance, a multi-faceted modeling approach is employed. A computationally efficient reduced-order thermo-phase field model is developed to simulate the formation of line-scan grooves, capturing the complex recast and narrowing phenomena. For the more complex "wobble" geometry, a hybrid data-driven model was built, which accurately predicts the groove morphology from laser inputs. Finally, a simulation study with finite element analysis and a novel chemical polishing experimental study reveal that the fundamental source of the joint's high strength is the existence of a multi-scale interlocking mechanism, wherein the joint's integrity is a synergistic effect of mesoscale interlocking (overall groove architecture) and microscale interlocking (surface roughness).