In this study, white water solids generated during corrugating medium production were converted into high value materials by applying a grinder based nanofibrillation process to produce white water originated cellulose nanofibrils (WCNF). The applicab...
In this study, white water solids generated during corrugating medium production were converted into high value materials by applying a grinder based nanofibrillation process to produce white water originated cellulose nanofibrils (WCNF). The applicability of WCNF as a strength additive and as an additive for surface sizing in papermaking was evaluated.
To select white water solids suitable for nanofibrillation, solids recovered from the silo and DAF unit were analyzed. The DAF white water solids exhibited higher organic content and lower inorganic content, indicating greater suitability for nanofibrillation. During grinding, viscosity reached saturation at approximately 25 passes, and SEM analysis confirmed that nanofibrillation was sufficiently achieved. Handsheets prepared by internal addition of WCNF exhibited enhanced strength, indicating that WCNF contributed directly to improved inter fiber bonding. Without a retention aid, WCNF processed at 10 and 20 passes provided greater strength improvement than 30 pass WCNF due to more effective retention of relatively larger fibrils. When a retention aid was applied, WCNF retention increased and the reinforcing effect was markedly enhanced, resulting in strength improvements of approximately 19–26% at WCNF addition levels of 5–7% compared with the base paper. To evaluate industrial applicability and cost reduction potential, lightweight handsheets were prepared. With the addition of 1 wt% WCNF processed at 5 or 10 passes, the basis weight was reduced to 91–97 g/m² while maintaining mechanical strength comparable to the base paper. Under these conditions, the manufacturing cost decreased by approximately 5%, indicating potential for reduced raw material usage and production cost in papermaking. Incorporation of WCNF into oxidized starch based surface sizing solutions resulted in improvements in all mechanical properties. The most pronounced strength enhancement was observed at a WCNF content of 5 wt%. SEM observations confirmed the formation of a starch–WCNF network, which reduced surface porosity and led to a denser surface structure. Comparison of utilization efficiency based on application method showed that, when evaluated using the conditions that exhibited the highest strength in each process, the strength improvement per unit mass of WCNF was more than 22 times higher for surface sizing application than for internal addition. This result demonstrates that WCNF is utilized far more efficiently when applied as a surface sizing additive than as an internal additive.
Upcycling white water solids into WCNF provides a practical strategy for converting low value circulating resources that are poorly retained on the wire into high performance reinforcing materials. This approach offers significant potential for enhancing resource circularity, reducing raw material consumption, improving process efficiency, and lowering carbon emissions in the papermaking industry.