Since the first report of ferroelectricity in Si-doped HfO2 films in 2011, research on fluorite-structured ferroelectric materials has expanded significantly. The Hf1-xZrxO2 solid solution system has gained particular attention due to its low crystall...
Since the first report of ferroelectricity in Si-doped HfO2 films in 2011, research on fluorite-structured ferroelectric materials has expanded significantly. The Hf1-xZrxO2 solid solution system has gained particular attention due to its low crystallization temperature (350-550 °C) and compositional tunability. In Zr-rich compositions (x > 0.7), field-induced ferroelectric (FFE) characteristics were observed, where polarization is induced only under an applied field and returns to the non-polar state upon field removal. However, the fundamental understanding of this phenomenon and related application studies is limited. In particular, wake-up-induced remanent polarization increase and hysteresis loss restrict the realization of high performance in energy storage and dynamic random access memory (DRAM) applications. This dissertation overcomes these challenges by systematically analyzing FFE characteristics, clarifying structural and chemical modifications induced by Al2O3 and Y2O3 interlayers, and optimizing the electrical characteristics to meet application-specific requirements.
First, the effects of Al2O3 and Y2O3 interlayers on Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 films were systematically compared in terms of diffusion behavior, structural evolution, and electrical properties. Substitutional diffusion of Al3+ and Y3+ ions induced oxygen vacancies through charge neutrality, thereby stabilizing the FFE tetragonal phase and suppressing the monoclinic phase. From an application perspective, thin Al2O3 interlayers induced excellent reliability under high-field operation, making them favorable for energy storage applications, whereas Y2O3 interlayers were advantageous in terms of lower crystallization temperature and thickness scaling, demonstrating suitability for DRAM applications.
Optimization of Al2O3-inserted Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 films enabled record-high energy storage performance among fluorite-based ferroelectrics. A single ALD cycle Al2O3 interlayer, uniformly diffused within the HZO matrix, effectively suppressed the monoclinic phase and stabilized the tetragonal phase, enhancing the breakdown field above ~8.0 MV cm-1. Consequently, an energy storage density of ~138 J cm⁻³ and an efficiency of ~80% were achieved, along with robust endurance of 109 cycles under high-field operation (6.0 MV cm⁻¹) and fast charge–discharge operation below 1 μs. Furthermore, a new discharge time metric was proposed to provide a more reliable evaluation framework for dielectric speed in energy storage devices.
Finally, Y2O3-inserted Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 films were investigated for DRAM applications. Beforehand, the cycling behavior of FFE ZrO2 films was investigated. It was demonstrated for the first time that the reduction of the critical electric fields for the FFE effect (Et→PO and EPO→t) is not irreversible, but can be reversibly modulated depending on the applied cycling field amplitude, confirming the intrinsic reversible cycling nature of FFE characteristics in fluorite structures and establishing a foundation for DRAM characteristic optimization. Based on this understanding, a stepwise cycling approach was proposed for the Y2O3-inserted Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 films to lower the FFE critical fields effectively. This method enhanced charge boosting under low-voltage operation (±0.8 V) while simultaneously suppressing remanent polarization increase, leakage current degradation, and hysteresis energy loss. The 5.5-nm-thick Y2O3-inserted Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 film exhibited a high dielectric permittivity (k) of ~68 and an low equivalent oxide thickness (EOT) of ~0.31 nm, while meeting the leakage current requirement (J < 10-7 A cm-2 at 0.8 V). To further improve the dielectric properties, nanolaminate and bilayer dopant engineering were co-applied by replacing the Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 solid-solution structure with a ZrO2/HfO2/ZrO2 stack and additionally inserting a Y2O3 layer at the top of the dielectric for J reduction. Consequently, the optimized film exhibited an enhanced k of ~77 and an exceptionally low EOT of ~0.26 nm, representing the lowest reported value among DRAM-compatible dielectrics while still satisfying the J requirement. Stable operation was maintained within the DRAM read/write window of 10-20 ns, and minor performance degradation observed under low-voltage cycling was fully restored by brief high-field cycling, confirming the practical applicability of FFE films for DRAM capacitors.
In conclusion, this dissertation expands the fundamental understanding of reversible cycling behavior in fluorite-structured FFE films and proposes precise engineering strategies using Al₂O₃ and Y₂O₃ interlayers. Through this approach, benchmark-level performance was achieved in both energy storage and DRAM applications, thereby overcoming the intrinsic limitations of conventional fluorite-structured ferroelectrics and presenting a new design strategy for next-generation high-performance electronic devices.