Basic emotion theories have long been central to debates in affective neuroscience. However, the neural basis of basic emotions remains controversial. Here, we examined whether basic-emotion representational consistency varies with subjective emotiona...
Basic emotion theories have long been central to debates in affective neuroscience. However, the neural basis of basic emotions remains controversial. Here, we examined whether basic-emotion representational consistency varies with subjective emotional clarity and differs across emotion categories. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to record cortical activity while participants viewed images of happiness, sadness, fear, and neutral emotions and rated their subjective feelings of happiness, sadness, and fear. As a result, univariate analyses revealed a common neural substrate across clarity levels. Multivariate analyses identified greater consistency of neural representations for clear than vague experiences, especially in the right posterior superior temporal sulcus (rpSTS). This higher pattern consistency for clear than vague trials was observed regardless of valence and was most robust for clear-fear. Multidimensional scaling (MDS) analysis further confirmed that clear-happy and clear-fear were closer to each other in the rpSTS than any other condition pair. Together, these findings show that representational consistency for basic emotions in the rpSTS increases with subjective emotional clarity, and that this clarity dependence is emotion-category-specific.