Submerged aquatic vegetation significantly influences the surrounding flow filed at both the scale of individual vegetation element and the canopy scale formed by a collective array of stems. These effects also depend on the mechanical properties of t...
Submerged aquatic vegetation significantly influences the surrounding flow filed at both the scale of individual vegetation element and the canopy scale formed by a collective array of stems. These effects also depend on the mechanical properties of the vegetation; flexible and rigid vegetations interact with the flow in fundamentally different ways.
A flexible stem undergoes flow-induced deformation, which reduces its projected area normal to the flow direction and thereby alters the drag force, a key parameter representing hydraulic resistance. The deformation and the flow field interact in a coupled manner, but many previous studies have focused on either vegetation deformation or flow characteristic alone, leaving limitations in the understanding of their combined effects. In this study, fluid-structure interaction (FSI) simulations were conducted to investigate the flow field and drag variation arising from the interaction between flexible vegetation and the surrounding flow. The results show that, within the range of flexibilities considered in this study, increasing flexibility enhances vortex shedding and lateral oscillations of vegetation, which in turn intensify the pressure drop in the wake and lead to an increase in drag. This finding contrasts with the commonly held assumption that flexibility generally reduces drag through reduction of frontal area, and it suggests that flexibility does not necessarily guarantee drag reduction in submerged vegetation.
At the canopy scale, coherent waving motions of vegetations known as monami are often observed, and their mechanism has frequently been attributed to Kelvin-Helmholtz (KH) instability. This study examines whether KH instability actually develops within a rigid vegetation canopy. The canopy flow was compared with flow past multiple vertical plates, a configuration expected to produce KH instability in a mixing layer. The results indicate that the vegetation canopy does not exhibit the coherent vortex structures observed in the plate-flow case, and the dominant frequency of streamwise velocity at the canopy does not match the classical KH instability frequency. Therefore, under the present conditions, KH instability does not occur at the rigid canopy, highlighting the need to verify the presence of KH instability when interpreting the mechanisms underlying monami.