The magnitude of structural change after a wildfire varies substantially depending on forest type and fire severity. Conventional optical satellite imagery is widely used to assess wildfire impacts such as mapping burned areas and fire severity, but i...
The magnitude of structural change after a wildfire varies substantially depending on forest type and fire severity. Conventional optical satellite imagery is widely used to assess wildfire impacts such as mapping burned areas and fire severity, but it has a limited capacity to capture vertical forest structure and its change. When surface fires do not severely damage the canopy or when vegetation rapidly regenerates post-fire, spectral signals from optical satellite imagery can underestimate structural changes, potentially masking wildfire impacts. In this study, we investigate the mismatch between spectral and structural indicators of post-fire recovery using UAV-based Laser Scanning (ULS) data acquired over the 2025 Gyeongsangbuk-do wildfire in South Korea, which burned approximately 1,000 km². We quantified post-fire structural recovery by analyzing the vertical distribution of LiDAR point clouds, characterizing the organization of residual and regenerating vegetation. Using structural information derived from ULS, we identified fire impacts that were not evident in spectral indicator. Plots classified as unburned by spectral signals nonetheless exhibited clear structural loss in lower vegetation layers, revealing surface fire effects and understory removal that were masked in optical observations. Structural metrics also distinguished post-fire recovery trajectories between deciduous broadleaf forests (DBF) and evergreen needleleaf forests (ENF) showing rapid near-ground regeneration in DBF and more persistent structural degradation in ENF. Overall, our results highlight that high-resolution LiDAR-derived information provides essential complementary insight to optical satellite imagery by capturing vertical vegetation structure that cannot be detected by spectral indicator alone. By integrating spectral and structural information, post-fire assessments can more effectively capture vertical vegetation reorganization and forest-type-dependent recovery processes, leading to a more realistic interpretation of post-fire recovery dynamics.