The rapid development of smart mobility solutions, driven by digital technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI), connected vehicles, and real-time data analytics, is reshaping urban transportation systems globally....
The rapid development of smart mobility solutions, driven by digital technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI), connected vehicles, and real-time data analytics, is reshaping urban transportation systems globally. In Indonesia, these technologies have been incorporated into smart city initiatives to alleviate urban congestion, to enhance environmental sustainability, and to improve public transit efficiency. However, the integration of such technologies introduces complex cybersecurity vulnerabilities that threaten the reliability, safety, and adoption of smart mobility systems.
This study investigates the intersection between smart mobility innovation and cybersecurity, with a particular emphasis on the Indonesian context and the role of public perception in shaping adoption behavior. Employing a multi-method research design, the study comprises two interlinked empirical components. The first is a systematic literature review (SLR) based on the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) protocol, which synthesizes findings from 3703 peer-reviewed articles published between 2014 and 2024 and assessed 56 as primary studies pertinent to cybersecurity in smart mobility, such as data breaches, unauthorized access, and ransomware as well as adoption factors including blockchain integration, AI-based intrusion detection systems, and multi-stakeholder regulatory frameworks.
The second component involves a structural equation modeling (SEM) study utilizing the extended unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) framework, augmented with cybersecurity constructs. Based on 350 valid survey responses from Indonesian citizens, the model examines the influence of performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, facilitating conditions, and perceived cybersecurity on users' behavioral intentions toward smart mobility services. Results from exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) demonstrate that perceived cybersecurity risk significantly impacts technology adoption decisions, alongside traditional UTAUT dimensions.
The study makes several contributions. First, the study integrates cybersecurity considerations into the extended UTAUT model, offering a novel theoretical extension for understanding technology adoption in risk-sensitive environments. Second the study provides a regionalized synthesis of cybersecurity threats and mitigation strategies specific to Southeast Asia. Third, the study offers practical recommendations for Indonesian policymakers, urban planners, and technology providers to enhance cybersecurity readiness, to improve public trust, and to ensure the sustainable deployment of smart mobility systems. Overall, the study highlights the critical need to align technological innovation with cybersecurity resilience and citizen awareness to achieve inclusive and secure urban mobility transformation in Indonesia and comparable developing contexts.