The vertical NAND (V-NAND) represents the core of high-density memory technology supporting the Fourth Industrial Revolution, driven by artificial intelligence (AI), autonomous driving, the Internet of Things (IoT), and big data. However, the V-NAND i...
The vertical NAND (V-NAND) represents the core of high-density memory technology supporting the Fourth Industrial Revolution, driven by artificial intelligence (AI), autonomous driving, the Internet of Things (IoT), and big data. However, the V-NAND is approaching its intrinsic scaling limit, constrained by the confined chip size and the difficulty of further reducing lateral cell dimensions. As a promising alternative, vertical thin-film transistor resistive random access memory (V-TFT-RRAM) has attracted increasing attention.
This study focuses on integrating a planar oxide transistor (1T) with a lateral memristor (1R), aiming to establish electrical and structural compatibility between the two devices. To realize this structure, the optimization of a single planar 1T-1R device with parallel configuration is crucial, including transistor scaling, analysis of a memristor with identical electrodes, and comprehensive evaluation of the planar 1T-1R device characteristics.
In the first part of this study, the device parameters of the IGZO-based oxide transistor were investigated to achieve channel-length scaling below 100 nm. Subthreshold characteristics were improved by optimizing the channel thickness and annealing conditions, and the gate oxide thickness was adjusted to suppress the degradations of the subthreshold swing (SS) and the negative shift of threshold voltage (Vth) associated with scaling. Consequently, a 100 nm channel device exhibiting an SS of 140 mV/dec and a Vth -1.1 V was obtained.
The second part of this study investigated the resistive switching behavior of a Ti/HfO2/Ti (THT) memristor employing Ti electrodes. Although self-rectifying behavior is generally achieved through asymmetric band alignment using electrodes with different work functions, identical electrodes are required in a parallel 1T-1R configuration. To clarify the switching behavior under this constraint, both a conventional vertical MIM-type THT stack and a lateral-type THT configuration were evaluated. Differences in stack order, interface formation, and effective switching length led to distinct switching tendencies. The quasi-symmetric MIM THT device exhibited bidirectional self-rectifying behavior, whereas the lateral 1R device showed self-rectifying characteristics arising from partially formed filamentary conduction confined to a nanoscale switching region.
Finally, the planar 1T-1R device was fabricated by integrating the lateral 1R device on top of the scaled 1 T, forming a parallel structure. The electrical behavior depended on the sequence of channel annealing. When the resistive switching layer was deposited after channel annealing, the device exhibited a negative Vth shift rather than distinct resistive switching, due to the high resistance of the 1R element and the formation of additional interface traps. In contrast, annealing performed after depositing the resistive switching layer on the as-deposited channel resulted in resistive switching, as the 1R resistance was positioned within the appropriate window relative to the 1T ON/OFF resistance.
These results demonstrate that the operation of the parallel 1T–1R structure is governed not by the standalone performance of the individual devices, but by the interfacial condition between the channel and the resistive switching layer. Accordingly, interface control is identified as a critical factor for achieving reliable 1T–1R operation and future stacked V-TFT-RRAM integration.