Hyaluronic acid (HA) supports osteogenesis, but rapid degradation limits its clinical utility. Photo-crosslinked HA (pXHA) improves stability and handling. This study assessed the physicochemical, biological, and bone regeneration potential of pXHA in...
Hyaluronic acid (HA) supports osteogenesis, but rapid degradation limits its clinical utility. Photo-crosslinked HA (pXHA) improves stability and handling. This study assessed the physicochemical, biological, and bone regeneration potential of pXHA in a rabbit calvarial defect model. In vitro tests evaluated pXHA’s physical properties, focusing on complex viscosity, compressive strength, enzymatic degradation, cytotoxicity, and osteoblast proliferation.Sixteen rabbits received four 8-mm calvarial defects randomly assigned to: (1) untreated control, (2) pXHA, (3) bone graft with collagen membrane (BG/CM), and (4) pXHA with bone graft (pXHA/BG). All specimens were harvested at 6 and 12 weeks. Bone volume fraction (BV/TV) within the defect area was assessed using Micro-computed tomography (Micro-CT), and histomorphometric analysis was performed to quantify the proportions of newly formed bone(NB), residual bone graft (BG), and connective tissue (CT). Statistical analysis was conducted using the Kruskal–Wallis test and the Mann–Whitney U test. pXHA exhibited adequate complex viscosity (1929±65mPa·s), compressive strength (0.48±0.084MPa), and controlled enzymatic degradation. Also, pXHA showed 89.7% of cell viability, and significantly enhanced osteoblast proliferation.In vivo test showed that pXHA significantly increased BV/TV (p=0.0047) and achieved the highest new bone formation (NB%, 37.68±11.66%) at 12 weeks, with reduced connective tissue (CT%, 54.30±12.32%) compared to control. BG/CM and pXHA/BG showed greater BV/TV than control, with comparable NB% and BG% between them. Histology revealed mature trabecular bone and better defect bridging in pXHA/BG and BG/CM groups, while pXHA alone promoted substantial bone fill despite central fibrous tissue. This study suggests that photo-crosslinked hyaluronic acid (pXHA) may serve as a promising bioactive agent for bone regeneration in clinical bone defect sites.