Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 (HZO) is widely regarded as a scalable, CMOS-compatible ferroelectric layer for nonvolatile memories and neuromorphic hardware. However, in TiN-based pulsed-laser deposited (PLD) HZO stacks processed under a low thermal budget, the measur...
Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 (HZO) is widely regarded as a scalable, CMOS-compatible ferroelectric layer for nonvolatile memories and neuromorphic hardware. However, in TiN-based pulsed-laser deposited (PLD) HZO stacks processed under a low thermal budget, the measured hysteresis is often strongly influenced by leakage transport and polarity-dependent asymmetry, making fully saturated square-like loops difficult to achieve within practical field windows. In this thesis, PLD-grown HZO films on TiN/SiO2/Si with a nominal thickness of ~19 nm are systematically investigated using tetravalent dopants (Si, Ti, Sn, and Pb at 5 mol%) and ultrathin interfacial layers (Al2O3 ~1 nm and ZrO2 1–2 nm) as key design variables. Structural analysis focuses on the 2θ = 26–34° region in grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction (GI-XRD), where the monoclinic contribution near 2θ ≈ 28.3° coexists with a non-monoclinic feature near 2θ ≈ 30° that contains strongly overlapped orthorhombic and tetragonal reflections. To enable consistent comparisons across samples, this overlapped region is analyzed using a unified modeling approach. Electrical behavior is evaluated by jointly examining polarization–electric field (P–E) hysteresis and leakage current density–electric field (J–E) characteristics within the same field window, emphasizing that loop opening should be interpreted together with leakage level. Across the dopant series, Si doping yields the most pronounced loop opening but also the highest leakage, whereas Sn doping produces the most constricted, dielectric-like response. Ti- and Pb-doped films show intermediate loop opening with larger coercive fields, indicating that loop shape is governed not only by polarization scale but also by switching field requirements and transport asymmetry. Interlayer and seed-layer insertion further reshape the response: an Al2O3 interlayer effectively suppresses leakage but reduces loop opening, while a ZrO2 seed layer increases loop opening and the overall polarization scale, with loop symmetry and centering showing non-monotonic dependence on seed thickness. Overall, the results demonstrate that ultrathin interfacial layers act as independent design knobs—alongside dopant chemistry—for tuning hysteretic response and leakage transport, and they provide experimentally grounded guidance on trade-offs among loop opening, leakage suppression, and asymmetry in TiN-based PLD-HZO stacks under constrained processing conditions.