The thermal state of a battery directly influences its internal resistance and electrochemical reaction rates; therefore, precise thermal management is essential for securing performance, safety, and lifetime. In current electric vehicle battery syste...
The thermal state of a battery directly influences its internal resistance and electrochemical reaction rates; therefore, precise thermal management is essential for securing performance, safety, and lifetime. In current electric vehicle battery systems, liquid cooling -leveraging high thermal conductivity and heat capacity- is widely employed, and among various cooling-channel designs, the serpentine channel is the most commonly adopted due to its manufacturability and high reliability. However, the serpentine channel inherently exhibits a limitation in that temperature non-uniformity occurs due to the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet. Such temperature deviation induces disparities in cell degradation rates and SOC (State of Charge) imbalance, resulting in reduced usable capacity and shortened lifetime of the battery pack. To address this limitation of the serpentine channel, this study proposes a new channel design strategy in which the number and arrangement of flow dividers progressively increase along the flow direction, referencing established heat-transfer enhancement mechanisms. The proposed strategy aims to suppress heat transfer near the inlet to prevent overcooling, while enhancing heat transfer near the outlet to promote thermal exchange, thereby improving overall temperature uniformity. The proposed strategy was validated through CFD simulations, and its performance was compared with that of a conventional serpentine channel using key evaluation metrics including average temperature, maximum temperature, inter-module temperature standard deviation, intra-module temperature difference, and pump power.