The direct integration of transparent and flexible electrodes is essential for next-generation optoelectronic devices, particularly transparent and flexible display technologies. However, conventional transparent electrodes such as indium tin oxide (I...
The direct integration of transparent and flexible electrodes is essential for next-generation optoelectronic devices, particularly transparent and flexible display technologies. However, conventional transparent electrodes such as indium tin oxide (ITO) are brittle and require complex patterning processes involving photolithography and chemical etching, which limit their applicability in flexible and large-area systems.
In this study, mesh-patterned silver (Ag) electrodes were directly fabricated via electrohydrodynamic (EHD) printing, enabling high-resolution direct patterning and electrode integration without sacrificial layers or chemical etching. By optimizing the printing parameters, the EHD-printed Ag mesh electrodes achieved high optical transmittance exceeding 84% at 550 nm, low sheet resistance below 8 Ω/sq (20 × 20 mm²), and excellent mechanical robustness, exhibiting less than 5% resistance change after 2000 bending cycles.
The directly printed Ag mesh electrodes were integrated as the top electrodes in transparent and flexible quantum dot light-emitting diodes (TF-QLEDs), exhibiting luminance and efficiency comparable to planar electrodes while providing superior transparency and flexibility. Uniform electroluminescence was maintained under repeated bending and crumpling, confirming stable device operation under harsh mechanical deformation.
Overall, this work demonstrates that direct EHD printing of Ag mesh electrodes offers a simple, scalable, and mechanically robust electrode integration strategy for transparent and flexible QLEDs, highlighting its strong potential for next-generation transparent and flexible display applications.