Long-term changes in seawater properties are essential for understanding how climate change affects stratification, vertical mixing, and the nutrient supply that controls primary production. The East Sea has exhibited rapid warming and high climate se...
Long-term changes in seawater properties are essential for understanding how climate change affects stratification, vertical mixing, and the nutrient supply that controls primary production. The East Sea has exhibited rapid warming and high climate sensitivity; yet, most previous studies have relied on basin-scale or annual means, without considerations to regional contrasts at the shelf break. I analyzed CTD (Conductivity-Temperature-Depth) and DIN (Dissolve Inorganic Nitrogen) data from 1995 to 2022 at the Ulleung Basin western (NORTH) and southwestern (SOUTH) shelf break, separated 0–100 m (0–50/50–100 m) for annual mean, MAMJJASON, and DJF, and divided the period into Period-A (1995–2008) and Period-B (2009–2022) near a 2009–2010 shift, with representative profiles estimated using depth-by-depth linear regression. Across annual mean, MAMJJASON, and DJF, changes after 2009–2010 were consistently larger and clearer in the NORTH than in the SOUTH, with stronger warming and density decrease in Period-B (DJF: +0.18 vs +0.07 °C yr⁻¹). In Period-B, the SOUTH shows distinctive winter features that are weak in the 0–100 m mean but become clear with layer separation, including a vertically separated (dipole-like) structure in density and DIN between 0–50 m and 50–100 m. These regional contrasts suggest the complex effects of atmospheric forcing around 2009–2010 and subsequent circulation changes, including changes in the pathways and strength of warm and cold currents that affect the two shelf-break sectors differently. These results clarify long-term, region-dependent changes at the Ulleung Basin shelf break and provide a framework to link physical drivers to biogeochemical processes, while highlighting remaining needs for quantitative mixing and advection diagnostics that this study can help motivate and constrain.