Background: Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) is a critical opportunistic infection in immune compromised patients. Assessing treatment response of PJP is often challenging, due to confounding factors and limited feasibility of bronchoscopy in un...
Background: Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) is a critical opportunistic infection in immune compromised patients. Assessing treatment response of PJP is often challenging, due to confounding factors and limited feasibility of bronchoscopy in unstable patients. Whereas quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) is widely performed for diagnosis, data regarding changes in qPCR values during treatment is scarce.
Methods: Patients with host factors of PJP and compatible symptoms and radiologic evidence of pneumonia admitted at Seoul National University Hospital from 2023 to 2025 were identified, in whom microscopic staining and PJP PCR were performed for diagnosis. Among patients with positive diagnostic tests, specimens were prospectively collected after excluding colonization. Oral wash (OW) and sputum specimens were collected three times in total including baseline, at three-day intervals during the first week of treatment. Treatment response was assessed one week after treatment, based on improvement of oxygen requirement, symptoms, and radiologic findings.
Results: 23 patients completed specimen collection, and were all successfully treated. qPCR values of OW specimens showed significant differences compared to baseline (CT, 33.63 vs. 45.00 at both day 4 and 7; p=0.012 and 0.003, respectively). Corresponding results were observed in sputum specimens, where qPCR values also showed significant differences compared to baseline on day 4 (CT, 32.16 vs. 35.56, p=0.032) and day 7(CT, 32.16 vs. 45.00, p=0.003). Differences in qPCR values between specimen types were observed starting from day 4 of treatment (CT, 45.00 vs. 35.65, p=0.002).
Conclusion: Significant changes in qPCR values were observed in accordance with appropriate treatment response. OW specimens may be utilized in evaluating treatment response of PJP instead of lower respiratory tract specimens.