This study examines the evolution of Japan’s semiconductor industrial policy and its transformation under the framework of economic security. Tracing developments from the postwar period through the 2020s, it identifies four phases, coordination, re...
This study examines the evolution of Japan’s semiconductor industrial policy and its transformation under the framework of economic security. Tracing developments from the postwar period through the 2020s, it identifies four phases, coordination, retrenchment, reengagement, and security-framed revitalization, to explain how Japan’s state–industry relationship has adapted to shifts in global technological and geopolitical environments. Central to this analysis is the concept of Japan’s Dual-Shield Strategy, which captures the government’s dual effort to preserve dominance in foundational inputs (materials, components, and equipment) while reconstructing capabilities in core production (design, fabrication, and packaging).
This transformation has been institutionalized through two complementary policy instruments, the Economic Security Promotion Act (ESPA), enacted in 2022, and the Strategy for Semiconductors and the Digital Industry, introduced in 2021. The ESPA provides the legal foundation for Japan’s economic-security agenda by reinforcing supply-chain resilience, screening critical infrastructure, promoting strategic technology cooperation, and protecting sensitive patents. Building upon this legal framework, the semiconductor strategy translates these principles into an industrial roadmap aimed at restoring Japan’s comprehensive semiconductor production base. Importantly, these instruments support coordinated public–private investment across the entire supply chain, enabling Japan to strengthen its advantage in foundational inputs while rebuilding its capacity in core production.
Projects such as Japan Advanced Semiconductor Manufacturing (JASM) and Rapidus Corporation demonstrate how these policies operate in practice, linking state support, industrial collaboration, and technology development to reestablish domestic production capacity. Together, these initiatives illustrate Japan’s attempt to reconstruct a self-sustaining and resilient semiconductor ecosystem suited to the demands of an interdependent and contested technological order.
This policy orientation represents a new form of collaborative technonationalism, in which strategic autonomy is pursued through coordinated action between the state and private industry. The findings contribute to broader debates on the evolution of the developmental state and the redefinition of industrial policy in the era of economic security and technological interdependence.