Nanoparticles have been widely utilized in various applications, such as drug delivery systems, catalytic reactions, and light-emitting devices. For these applications, the structure of nanoparticles must be precisely designed to achieve desirable pro...
Nanoparticles have been widely utilized in various applications, such as drug delivery systems, catalytic reactions, and light-emitting devices. For these applications, the structure of nanoparticles must be precisely designed to achieve desirable properties, since their properties are strongly dependent on their structure. In practical environments, nanoparticles are often exposed to chemical reactions, which can induce structural transformations such as oxidation, alloying, dissolution, and ripening. These structural changes can be monitored using spectroscopic techniques, including X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. While these methods are useful for ensemble-average characterization, they cannot capture structural changes in individual nanoparticles.
Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a powerful technique that enables direct observation of single nanoparticles and their dynamic structural evolution. Various TEM techniques have been developed to observe nanoparticles under reactive environments. Using aberration-corrected TEM, atomic-scale structural changes can be visualized, while liquid-phase TEM (LPTEM) allows the real-time tracking of nanoparticle transformations during chemical reactions. From time-series images obtained by LPTEM, three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of single nanoparticles can also be achieved. These approaches make it possible to investigate structural changes and heterogeneity in individual nanoparticles during chemical reactions. In this study, we employed aberration-corrected TEM to examine structural degradation of nanoparticles during oxidation, LPTEM to visualize and modulate structural transformations in colloidal systems, and 3D reconstruction algorithms to understand the surface structures of single nanoparticles in three dimensions.
First we explore the structural deformation of InP/ZnSe/ZnS quantum dots under photooxidation using aberration-corrected TEM combined with spectroscopy and ILTEM. Photooxidation is known to degrade the luminescence stability of quantum-dot-based light-emitting devices. Our observations reveal that the oxidation of ZnS shell induces structural defects, and leading to diffusion of indium from core to the entire QD. This shows how oxidation-driven defects affect the luminescene properties in semiconductor nanoparticles.
Second, liquid-phase TEM (LPTEM) is employed to directly monitor the nanoscale structural evolution of metal nanoparticles under oxidative environments. Pd nanocube (Pd NC) is easily degraded under oxidative conditions, accelerated when combined with oxidative radicals and bromine ions in collidal state. During LPTEM observations, radiolysis processes can be inevitable and this processes are affected by the interfaces of liquid cell since the surface-volume ratio of liquid cell is large. We therefore compared multiple liquid-cell architectures to identify how different interfacial environments influence the morphology, stability, and oxidation pathways of individual nanoparticles during in situ observations. Distinct etching behaviors were observed depending on the nature of the supporting membrane, highlighting the critical role of nanoscale interfacial conditions in governing the structural response of nanoparticles.
Finally, I developed and applyed an LPTEM-based 3D reconstruction algorithm to investigate structural heterogeneity at the single-particle level. Structural heterogeneity within nanoparticles strongly affects their physicochemical properties. By reconstructing 3D morphologies from LPTEM image series, we can visualize and quantify this heterogeneity in individual nanoparticles. This approach contributes to a deeper understanding of the structure–property relationship and may accelerate the development of synthetic strategies for colloidal nanoparticles with precisely controlled morphologies.