The global transition toward low carbon energy systems places increasingly stringent performance demands on lithium ion batteries (LIBs), particularly for electric vehicles and stationary storage, both of which require fast charging and decade scale c...
The global transition toward low carbon energy systems places increasingly stringent performance demands on lithium ion batteries (LIBs), particularly for electric vehicles and stationary storage, both of which require fast charging and decade scale calendar life. Silicon (Si) anodes offer nearly an order of magnitude higher specific capacity than graphite, together with a higher operating potential that provides a safety margin against lithium (Li) plating. However, the extreme volume changes of Si induce catastrophic solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) instability and parasitic corrosion, and they aggravate both mechanical degradation and lithium-ion (Li⁺) transport limitations at the interface.
Chapter 1 frames these challenges from an interfacial design perspective: it outlines the role of LIBs within the low carbon transition, explains how Si anodes reshape safety and performance requirements, and reviews interfacial strategies focused on lithium fluoride (LiF). It compares ex situ artificial SEI with in situ electrolyte engineering, including sacrificial fluorinated additives, high concentration and localized high concentration electrolytes, and fluorinated solvents, and discusses the interfacial characteristics and practical implications of these approaches.
Chapter 2 introduces an interfacial treatment in which a polymerizable FSI containing precursor, 1,3-diallylimidazolium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (DFIL), is applied to the Si powder before electrode fabrication. During polymerization, the cationic framework becomes bound to the Si surface and resists electrolyte dissolution, while the FSI anions remain concentrated at the interface. Under these conditions, the SEI formed is spatially uniform, LiF rich, mechanically robust, and less prone to parasitic reactions.
Chapter 3 develops an electrolyte-based strategy that stabilizes the Si interface by using a weakly solvating solvent to create an anion rich LiFSI solvation environment and a small amount of ionic liquid to form an additional interfacial barrier during storage. A 1,2-dimethoxypropane (DMP) based electrolyte with 2 M LiFSI is found to form a contact ion pair and aggregate rich structure that generates a LiF-rich SEI suitable for rapid charging. The addition of a low content of N-Propyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide ionic liquid (Pyr13 FSI) preserves this solvation structure while building an ionic liquid enriched barrier that limits solvent access to the lithiated Si surface at high temperature, thereby supporting both rapid charging and improved high temperature storage.
Taken together, this dissertation explores complementary routes to form and maintain thin, uniform LiF rich SEI layers at the Si interface and shows that interface centered design is decisive for reconciling fast charging with long term durability. Looking ahead, the coordinated use of electrode surface treatments and electrolyte formulations as mutually reinforcing tools is expected to provide a general design framework for high energy LIBs and to guide future advances in interface-controlled systems.