On March 13, 2024, Ethereum implemented EIP-4844, an upgrade designed to enhance its role as a data availability layer. While this upgrade reduces data posting costs for rollups, it also raises concerns about its impact on consensus security due to th...
On March 13, 2024, Ethereum implemented EIP-4844, an upgrade designed to enhance its role as a data availability layer. While this upgrade reduces data posting costs for rollups, it also raises concerns about its impact on consensus security due to the increased volume of propagated data. Moreover, the broader effects on rollup dynamics and the Ethereum ecosystem remain largely unexplored. In this paper, we conduct an empirical analysis of EIP-4844’s impact on consensus security, Ethereum usage and rollup transaction dynamics. We investigate changes in slot sync time and provide quantitative assessments of rollup and user behaviors. Our findings reveal that EIP-4844 has successfully increased rollups’ usage of Ethereum while lowering rollup transaction fees. However, we also observe a slight rise in the fork rate, though our analysis suggests that this increase is not attributed to blob propagation waiting time. Additionally, some rollup users experience delayed transaction inclusion in Ethereum blocks, which appears to be influenced by cost-minimizing batching strategies. These results demonstrate both the benefits and trade-offs of the upgrade, suggesting future directions for further research on Ethereum’s scalability and consensus stability.