This thesis presents high-efficiency standalone photovoltaic (PV) energy harvesting systems that employ direct current resistance (DCR) current sensing to enhance overall power conversion efficiency and power density. By integrating power management, ...
This thesis presents high-efficiency standalone photovoltaic (PV) energy harvesting systems that employ direct current resistance (DCR) current sensing to enhance overall power conversion efficiency and power density. By integrating power management, sensing, control, and gate driving within a single 0.13 μm 40 V BCD process-based controller, the proposed architectures achieve robust and compact operation suitable for outdoor self-powered PV applications.
The first proposed system implements a DCR-based instantaneous and average current sensing scheme combined with an integrated microcontroller unit (MCU) that precisely coordinates the high-voltage gate driver, sample-and-hold (S&H) circuit, and 12-bit ADC. The system operates across a wide power range from 5.5 W to 276 W, achieving a peak tracking efficiency of 99.95%, a peak power conversion efficiency of 98.74%, and a total efficiency of 98.58%, demonstrating superior performance compared to state-of-the-art PV energy harvesting systems.
The second proposed system introduces a floating current sensor that enables accurate, lossless inductor DCR sensing while allowing the use of an ultra-low DCR (3.4 mΩ) 4.7 μH inductor, effectively minimizing conduction losses. The fabricated controller maintains MPPT efficiency above 95% across an output power range of 0.58–336 W, reaching 99.9% MPPT efficiency and 99.1% power conversion efficiency at peak operation. The complete module achieves power densities of 14.9 W/mm² (die) and 7.98 W/cm² (board) with excellent thermal stability.
Overall, the proposed systems demonstrate that integrating DCR-based current sensing with advanced circuit architectures provides a highly efficient, thermally stable, and compact solution for next-generation self-powered PV energy harvesting applications.