Introduction: Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) stands as the predominant cause of chronic kidney disease and end-stage kidney disease. Its diverse range of manifestations complicates the treatment approach for patients. Although kidney biopsy is consider...
Introduction: Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) stands as the predominant cause of chronic kidney disease and end-stage kidney disease. Its diverse range of manifestations complicates the treatment approach for patients. Although kidney biopsy is considered the gold standard for diagnosis, it lacks precision in predicting the progression of kidney dysfunction. This study aimed to evaluate whether the presence of glomerular crescents is associated with clinical outcomes in patients with biopsy-confirmed DKD and type 2 diabetes.
Methods: A retrospective evaluation was conducted involving 327 patients with biopsy-confirmed DKD in the context of type 2 diabetes, excluding those with other glomerular diseases, across nine tertiary hospitals. Hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated using a Cox regression model to assess the risk of kidney disease progression, defined as either ≥50% decrease in estimated glomerular filtration rates or the development of end-stage kidney disease, based on the presence of glomerular crescents.
Results: Out of the 327 patients selected, ten patients had glomerular crescents observed in their biopsied tissues. Over the follow-up period (median of 19 months, with a maximum of 18 years), the crescent group exhibited a higher risk of kidney disease progression than the no crescent group, with an adjusted HR of 2.82 (1.32–6.06) (P = 0.008). The presence of heavy proteinuria was associated with an increased risk of developing glomerular crescents.
Conclusion: The presence of glomerular crescents is indeed linked to the progression of DKD in patients with type 2 diabetes. Therefore, it is important to determine whether there is an additional immune-mediated glomerulonephritis requiring immunomodulation, and it may be prudent to monitor the histology and repeat a biopsy.