Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) depletion syndromes caused by mutations in nuclear genes regulating mtDNA replication result in severe mitochondrial dysfunction. Through whole-genome sequencing, I identified a novel heterozygous mutation (c.272G>A:p.Arg9...
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) depletion syndromes caused by mutations in nuclear genes regulating mtDNA replication result in severe mitochondrial dysfunction. Through whole-genome sequencing, I identified a novel heterozygous mutation (c.272G>A:p.Arg91Gln) in single-stranded DNA-binding protein 1 (SSBP1), a key component of the mitochondrial replisome, in a patient exhibiting sensorineural deafness, congenital cataract, optic atrophy, macular dystrophy, and myopathy. Functional analyses revealed that this mutation disrupted SSBP1 multimerization and reduced DNA-binding affinity, leading to impaired mtDNA replication and defective oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS).
To restore mitochondrial function, I employed adenine base editing (ABE) in patient-derived fibroblasts. Among the variants tested, NG-Cas9-based ABE8e achieved efficient correction (up to 30%) and markedly improved mitochondrial bioenergetics, whereas NG-ABE8eWQ exhibited fewer off-target effects with moderate editing efficiency (up to 10%). Both variants successfully increased mtDNA copy number and OXPHOS protein expression, confirming functional recovery.
In parallel, I explored mitochondrial transplantation as a mutation-independent therapeutic approach using PN-101, a clinical-grade mitochondrial preparation derived from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs). PN-101 mitochondria were successfully internalized into SSBP1-mutant fibroblasts, significantly increasing mtDNA copy number, OXPHOS complex expression, and oxygen consumption rate in a time- and dose-dependent manner.
Collectively, this study demonstrates two complementary strategies—precise correction by base editing and functional restoration through mitochondrial transplantation—for the treatment of SSBP1-related mtDNA depletion syndrome. These findings establish a translational framework for multimodal therapies targeting primary mitochondrial diseases.