This work examines how trivalent dopants and growth environments shape the phase stability and ferroelectric response of Hf1-xZrxO2 thin films. Polycrystalline films grown on Si and epitaxial films grown on STO were compared to clarify how chemical st...
This work examines how trivalent dopants and growth environments shape the phase stability and ferroelectric response of Hf1-xZrxO2 thin films. Polycrystalline films grown on Si and epitaxial films grown on STO were compared to clarify how chemical strain, defect formation, and mechanical confinement act together to influence the orthorhombic phase. In Si-based films, La and Y expanded the local lattice and created oxygen vacancies for charge balance, which promoted the orthorhombic phase and improved switching polarization. Smaller dopants such as Ga and Al mainly introduced compressive strain and did not stabilize the ferroelectric phase. Epitaxial films showed a different pattern. The substrate strain already constrained the lattice, so dopants acted mainly by moderating defect behavior. Y doped films showed the most complete switching, while La doped films displayed reduced polarization despite strong structural stability. Wake-up measurements revealed that remanent polarization saturated early, while the coercive field continued to shift as defect dipoles aligned. These results show that dopant effects depend strongly on the mechanical and structural environment, and that chemical strain, defect energetics, and external confinement must be considered together to understand ferroelectric behavior. This study clarifies why the same dopant can enhance ferroelectricity in one system but suppress it in another, and provides a framework for tuning HZO films through coordinated control of composition, defects, and strain.